diff --git a/.buildinfo b/.buildinfo new file mode 100644 index 00000000..92fc7c1a --- /dev/null +++ b/.buildinfo @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Sphinx build info version 1 +# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. +config: 71a77a8c64d4cf96287fcc0c22e0600d +tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7 diff --git a/materials/source/_static/dummy b/.nojekyl similarity index 100% rename from materials/source/_static/dummy rename to .nojekyl diff --git a/.nojekyll b/.nojekyll new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/README.rst b/README.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 7a471bb9..00000000 --- a/README.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -======================================= -UWPCE Certificate In Python Programming -======================================= - -This repository contains the source materials for class website for the Fall 2017 Quarter of the University of Washington Professional and Continuing Education Program Certificate in Python Programming: - -`Certificate in Python Programming `_ - -These materials are available in html rendered version here: - -https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/IntroPython-2017/ diff --git a/Welcome to PYTHON 210 A: Programming in Python.html b/Welcome to PYTHON 210 A: Programming in Python.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..af93c45e --- /dev/null +++ b/Welcome to PYTHON 210 A: Programming in Python.html @@ -0,0 +1,257 @@ + + + + + + + PYTHON 210A Syllabus — IntroToPython 1.0 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

PYTHON 210A Syllabus

+_images/python100.png +
+

UW Adult and Continuing Education Program

+
+

Certification in Python Programming: Program Description

+

The Python Certificate program is a 9-month curriculum divided into three courses. By the end of the program students will have gained a fundamental understanding of programming in Python by creating a variety of scripts and applications for the Web and for systems development. Python is a versatile programming language, suitable for projects ranging from small scripts to large systems. The certificate program emphasizes best practices such as version control, unit testing and recommended styles and idioms. Students will explore the large standard library of Python 3.6, which supports many common programming tasks.

+
+
+
+

First Course: Introduction to Python

+
+

Tuesdays 6-9 pm: Oct 3 - Dec 12, 2016 (10 Sessions)

+

NOTE: in the spirit of the dynamic nature of Python, this Syllabus (and the class) will be a dynamic document – evolving as the class progresses. The general structure is fixed, but the details will change to meet the evolving needs of the class.

+
+
+
+

Learning Goals

+
+
By the end of this course, students will be able to “do something useful with Python”.
+
    +
  • Identify/characterize/define a problem
    • +
  • Design a program to solve the problem
    • +
  • Create executable code
    • +
  • Read most Python code
    • +
  • Write basic unit tests
    • +
+
+
+
+
+

Approach:

+

This class assumes a basic knowledge of programming. Thus I will try to emphasize what is unique about Python, with less focus on general programing concepts.

+

One learns programming by doing – I’ll be demonstrating as I talk about concepts, and I will pause frequently to give you a chance to try things out, so plan on having a laptop up and running with python and your text editor of choice during each class.

+

We will be using a combination of traditional lecture format and +“Flipped Classroom” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flipped_classroom) approach – We will generally have reading (or video) assignments that cover a topic, and then in class, we will work through exercises as a group to cement your understanding. We will also be doing frequent “pair programming” – teaming the students up in pairs to work through exercises together.

+
+
+

Logistics

+

Location: Puget Sound Plaza, 4th and Union, Seattle

+

Room 506 (5th floor)

+

Tuesday nights, 6 - 9pm; Oct 3 - Dec 12, 2017

+
+

Your Instructors:

+

Christopher Barker – pythonchb@gmail.com

+

TA: Maria Mckinley – mariak@mariakathryn.net

+

Course website: https://github.com/UWPCE-PythonCert/IntroPython-2017

+
+
+
+

Python Version:

+

There are two main supported versions of Python: the 2.* series and the 3.* series (py3k). In this class we will be using “cPython” version 3.6, the version distributed by python.org. Each student is expected to have access to a laptop with permission to install software – both during class and for homework assignments. Any modern operating system is fine: OS-X, Linux, or Windows.

+

Note that Python3 and Python2 have some slightly different syntax and semantics. Many of the examples you will find on the web are in Python2 syntax. We will cover the differences early in class so you will know how to translate.

+
+
+

Assignments And Assessment

+
+

Homework:

+

There will generally be weekly homework assignments. They will include primarily reading and video watching and completing programming exercises started in class. You are not required to turn in the assignments to pass the course, however, we learn by doing, so I do encourage you to put some time in to the homework. I will review your work if you ask me to, and do mini code-reviews of selected assignments during class.

+

Teach Yourself Programming in Ten Years

+
+
+

Lightning Talks:

+

Each student is expected to give one “lightning talk” during the class – this is a simple 5-minute talk on something related to Python – totally up to you. We will randomly assign the talks schedule (using Python, of course) during the first class.

+
+
+

Grading And Attendance

+

This course is graded pass/fail, based on attendance and participation in class. Students are required to attend at least 8 of the 10 classes.

+
+
+

Policies And Values

+

Active learning requires students to participate in the class, as opposed to sitting and listening quietly. In class students will follow the instructor in creating demonstrative examples. Outside of class, students are expected to read the assignments, perform the homework, and post questions (about recent session topics) that they have on the class mailing list or slack before the next class session. Other students are strongly encouraged to answer these questions if possible. Answers to common and unanswered questions will be reviewed in the next class session.

+
+
+

Your feedback on the course and instruction

+

After the 3rd class session, we solicit anonymous feedback from all students regarding the pacing and instruction of the course. Students will also be invited to provide comments at the end of the course.

+
+
+

Student Handbook

+

The student handbook can be found online http://www.pce.uw.edu/resources/certificates/

+
+
+
+

Communication

+
+

Office Hours:

+

Physical location to be determined week to week.

+

Usually Saturdays and Sundays, 10:00 a.m. to noon Pacific Time (Seattle time) but day and time may change week to week.

+

Office hours are completely optional

+
+
+

Slack

+

We will be using Slack for communication. Join us there.

+

https://python2017-fall.slack.com/

+
+
+

gitHub

+

All class materials will be up on gitHub (where you probably found this). This allows me to update things at the last minute, and the students can all have easy access to the latest versions. It also familiarizes you with a very useful tool for software development.

+

We will also be using gitHub to communicate during the class – turn in assignments, post questions, etc.

+

We’ll spend a bit of time during the first couple classes getting everyone up and running with git and gitHub.

+

https://github.com/UWPCE-PythonCert/IntroPython-2017

+

for rendered and ready to read version of the class lecture notes:

+

http://UWPCE-PythonCert.github.io/IntroPython-2017

+
+
+

Mailinglist

+

There is a google groups mailing list for the class:

+

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/programming-in-python

+

You should have received an invitation to join the group. If you have not, please let us know and we can get you added.

+
+
+

Course Textbook

+

There is no textbook to purchase.

+

We have determined over time that a one-size-fits-all approach does not work well for the diverse skills and backgrounds of students in class. Thus, rather than requiring that everyone purchase a single text, we supply many resources, most of which are free (as in free beer) and available online.

+

We also encourage you to purchase or find your own texts and references. If you have a special interest in, for instance, data visualization, machine learning or game programming, find a reference and bring it and your questions to class and/or weekly office hours. By the time you get to the third course in the series this will feel natural. Indeed it is the way we work as professionals in the field, each of us individually or in small teams finding the tools and resources we need to further our interests, skills and careers.

+

A few you may want to consider: Useful Python Learning Resources

+
+
+
+

Disability Accommodation

+

Your experience in this class is important to us, and it is the policy and practice of the University of Washington to create inclusive and accessible learning environments consistent with federal and state law. If you experience barriers based on disability, please seek a meeting with DRS to discuss and address them. If you have already established accommodations with DRS, please communicate your approved accommodations to your instructor at your earliest convenience so we can discuss your needs in this course.

+

Disability Resources for Students (DRS) offers resources and coordinates reasonable accommodations for students with disabilities. Reasonable accommodations are established through an interactive process between you, your instructor(s) and DRS. If you have not yet established services through DRS, but have a temporary or permanent disability that requires accommodations (this can include but not limited to; mental health, attention-related, learning, vision, hearing, physical or health impacts), you are welcome to contact DRS at 206-543-8924 or uwdrs@uw.edu or disability.uw.edu

+
+
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+ ©2017, Christopher Barker, Cris Ewing, Maria McKinley, Rick Riehle, Christy Heaton, Joseph Schilz. + + | + Powered by Sphinx 1.6.3 + & Alabaster 0.7.10 + + | + Page source +
+ + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_downloads/Python Class Current project.pptx b/_downloads/Python Class Current project.pptx new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1a9a1e9c Binary files /dev/null and b/_downloads/Python Class Current project.pptx differ diff --git a/_downloads/Python_and_PDFs.pptx b/_downloads/Python_and_PDFs.pptx new file mode 100644 index 00000000..04fd39bf Binary files /dev/null and b/_downloads/Python_and_PDFs.pptx differ diff --git a/_downloads/SQLAlchemy.pptx b/_downloads/SQLAlchemy.pptx new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c4221e48 Binary files /dev/null and b/_downloads/SQLAlchemy.pptx differ diff --git a/_downloads/pdf.py b/_downloads/pdf.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6c19d432 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/pdf.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +#!/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python + +import PyPDF2 +# TODO: Request input for the type of approach I want (VOR, NDB, ILS, RNAV) +# TODO: Crawl the directory structure to look for signature patterns associated with the respective approaches (e.g. NDB has only one letter -- an N -- in the name; all other characters are numbers) +pdfFileObj = open('/Users/brwarn/Documents/Aviation/IAP/DDTPPD_201703/06598N34.PDF', 'rb') +pdfReader = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(pdfFileObj) +pageObj = pdfReader.getPage(0) +pdftext = pageObj.extractText() +print(pdftext) +pdfFileObj.close() +# TODO: Present the candidate files, approach type, and name (or ICAO identifier if the name can't easily be determined. +# TODO: User selects the (menu choice) number for the desired approach. Open the approach plate \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_downloads/tcpclient.py b/_downloads/tcpclient.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ddb695d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/tcpclient.py @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +import socket + +client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) +client.connect(("www.google.com",80)) +client.send(b"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: google.com\r\n\r\n") +response = client.recv(4096) +print(response) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_images/python100.png b/_images/python100.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000..738f6ed4 Binary files /dev/null and b/_images/python100.png differ diff --git a/_sources/Welcome to PYTHON 210 A: Programming in Python.rst.txt b/_sources/Welcome to PYTHON 210 A: Programming in Python.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e9f2469f --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/Welcome to PYTHON 210 A: Programming in Python.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ +.. _syllabus: + +##################### +PYTHON 210A Syllabus +##################### + +.. image:: ./_static/python100.png + +UW Adult and Continuing Education Program +============================================ + +Certification in Python Programming: Program Description +--------------------------------------------------------- + +The Python Certificate program is a 9-month curriculum divided into three courses. By the end of the program students will have gained a fundamental understanding of programming in Python by creating a variety of scripts and applications for the Web and for systems development. Python is a versatile programming language, suitable for projects ranging from small scripts to large systems. The certificate program emphasizes best practices such as version control, unit testing and recommended styles and idioms. Students will explore the large standard library of Python 3.6, which supports many common programming tasks. + +First Course: Introduction to Python +===================================== + +Tuesdays 6-9 pm: Oct 3 - Dec 12, 2016 (10 Sessions) +--------------------------------------------------- + +NOTE: in the spirit of the dynamic nature of Python, this Syllabus (and the class) will be a dynamic document -- evolving as the class progresses. The general structure is fixed, but the details will change to meet the evolving needs of the class. + +Learning Goals +=============== + +By the end of this course, students will be able to “do something useful with Python”. + * Identify/characterize/define a problem + * Design a program to solve the problem + * Create executable code + * Read most Python code + * Write basic unit tests + +Approach: +========= +This class assumes a basic knowledge of programming. Thus I will try to emphasize what is unique about Python, with less focus on general programing concepts. + +One learns programming by doing -- I'll be demonstrating as I talk about concepts, and I will pause frequently to give you a chance to try things out, so plan on having a laptop up and running with python and your text editor of choice during each class. + +We will be using a combination of traditional lecture format and +"Flipped Classroom" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flipped_classroom) approach -- We will generally have reading (or video) assignments that cover a topic, and then in class, we will work through exercises as a group to cement your understanding. We will also be doing frequent "pair programming" -- teaming the students up in pairs to work through exercises together. + +Logistics +========= +Location: Puget Sound Plaza, 4th and Union, Seattle + +Room 506 (5th floor) + +Tuesday nights, 6 - 9pm; Oct 3 - Dec 12, 2017 + +Your Instructors: +----------------- + +Christopher Barker -- pythonchb@gmail.com + +TA: Maria Mckinley -- mariak@mariakathryn.net + +Course website: https://github.com/UWPCE-PythonCert/IntroPython-2017 + + +Python Version: +=============== + +There are two main supported versions of Python: the 2.* series and the 3.* series (py3k). In this class we will be using "cPython" version 3.6, the version distributed by `python.org `_. Each student is expected to have access to a laptop with permission to install software -- both during class and for homework assignments. Any modern operating system is fine: OS-X, Linux, or Windows. + +Note that Python3 and Python2 have some slightly different syntax and semantics. Many of the examples you will find on the web are in Python2 syntax. We will cover the differences early in class so you will know how to translate. + +Assignments And Assessment +=========================== + +Homework: +--------- +There will generally be weekly homework assignments. They will include primarily reading and video watching and completing programming exercises started in class. You are not required to turn in the assignments to pass the course, however, we learn by doing, so I do encourage you to put some time in to the homework. I will review your work if you ask me to, and do mini code-reviews of selected assignments during class. + +`Teach Yourself Programming in Ten Years `_ + + +Lightning Talks: +----------------- + +Each student is expected to give one "lightning talk" during the class -- this is a simple 5-minute talk on something related to Python -- totally up to you. We will randomly assign the talks schedule (using Python, of course) during the first class. + +Grading And Attendance +---------------------- + +This course is graded pass/fail, based on attendance and participation in class. Students are required to attend at least 8 of the 10 classes. + +Policies And Values +------------------- + +Active learning requires students to participate in the class, as opposed to sitting and listening quietly. In class students will follow the instructor in creating demonstrative examples. Outside of class, students are expected to read the assignments, perform the homework, and post questions (about recent session topics) that they have on the class mailing list or slack before the next class session. Other students are strongly encouraged to answer these questions if possible. Answers to common and unanswered questions will be reviewed in the next class session. + +Your feedback on the course and instruction +------------------------------------------- + +After the 3rd class session, we solicit anonymous feedback from all students regarding the pacing and instruction of the course. Students will also be invited to provide comments at the end of the course. + +Student Handbook +----------------- + +The student handbook can be found online http://www.pce.uw.edu/resources/certificates/ + +Communication +============= + +Office Hours: +------------- + +Physical location to be determined week to week. + +Usually Saturdays and Sundays, 10:00 a.m. to noon Pacific Time (Seattle time) but day and time may change week to week. + +Office hours are completely optional + +Slack +----- + +We will be using Slack for communication. Join us there. + +https://python2017-fall.slack.com/ + +gitHub +------ + +All class materials will be up on gitHub (where you probably found this). This allows me to update things at the last minute, and the students can all have easy access to the latest versions. It also familiarizes you with a very useful tool for software development. + +We will also be using gitHub to communicate during the class -- turn in assignments, post questions, etc. + +We'll spend a bit of time during the first couple classes getting everyone up and running with git and gitHub. + +https://github.com/UWPCE-PythonCert/IntroPython-2017 + +for rendered and ready to read version of the class lecture notes: + +http://UWPCE-PythonCert.github.io/IntroPython-2017 + +Mailinglist +----------- + +There is a google groups mailing list for the class: + +https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/programming-in-python + +You should have received an invitation to join the group. If you have not, please let us know and we can get you added. + + +Course Textbook +--------------- + +There is no textbook to purchase. + +We have determined over time that a one-size-fits-all approach does not work well for the diverse skills and backgrounds of students in class. Thus, rather than requiring that everyone purchase a single text, we supply many resources, most of which are free (as in free beer) and available online. + +We also encourage you to purchase or find your own texts and references. If you have a special interest in, for instance, data visualization, machine learning or game programming, find a reference and bring it and your questions to class and/or weekly office hours. By the time you get to the third course in the series this will feel natural. Indeed it is the way we work as professionals in the field, each of us individually or in small teams finding the tools and resources we need to further our interests, skills and careers. + +A few you may want to consider: :ref:`python_learning_resources` + +Disability Accommodation +======================== + +Your experience in this class is important to us, and it is the policy and practice of the University of Washington to create inclusive and accessible learning environments consistent with federal and state law. If you experience barriers based on disability, please seek a meeting with DRS to discuss and address them. If you have already established accommodations with DRS, please communicate your approved accommodations to your instructor at your earliest convenience so we can discuss your needs in this course. + +Disability Resources for Students (DRS) offers resources and coordinates reasonable accommodations for students with disabilities. Reasonable accommodations are established through an interactive process between you, your instructor(s) and DRS. If you have not yet established services through DRS, but have a temporary or permanent disability that requires accommodations (this can include but not limited to; mental health, attention-related, learning, vision, hearing, physical or health impacts), you are welcome to contact DRS at 206-543-8924 or uwdrs@uw.edu or disability.uw.edu + + diff --git a/_sources/index.rst.txt b/_sources/index.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8c59ac81 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/index.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,304 @@ + +########################## +Intro to Python: Fall 2017 +########################## + +.. :ref:`syllabus` + +:ref:`first_quarter` + +:ref:`second_quarter` + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + + syllabus + +.. _first_quarter: + +Intro To Python: Fall 2017 +=========================== + +Orientation: Sept 27 +.................... + +:ref:`orientation` + +Week 1: Oct 3 +............. + +:ref:`session_1_01` + +Week 2: October 10 +.................. + +:ref:`session_1_02` + +:ref:`notes_session02` + +Week 3: October 17 +.................. + +:ref:`session_1_03` + +:ref:`notes_session03` + +Week 4: October 24 +.................. + +:ref:`session_1_04` + +:ref:`notes_session04` + + +Week 5: October 31 +.................. + +:ref:`session_1_05` + +:ref:`notes_session05` + + +Week 6: November 7 +.................. + +:ref:`session_1_06` + +:ref:`notes_session06` + + +Week 7: November 14 +................... + +:ref:`session_1_07` + +:ref:`notes_session07` + +**November 21: Thanksgiving week -- no class** + +Week 8: November 28 +................... + +:ref:`session_1_08` + +:ref:`notes_session08` + + +Week 9: December 5 +.................. + +:ref:`session_1_09` + +:ref:`notes_session09` + + +Week 10: December 12 +.................... + +:ref:`session_1_10` + +:ref:`notes_session10` + +.. _second_quarter: + +############################ +Advanced Python: Winter 2017 +############################ + +Overview +======== + +In the second quarter, we will dig a bit more into the more advanced features of Python, and then get into a bit of the ecosystem -- working with databases, debugging and logging, etc. + +Fluent Python +............. + +`Fluent Python `_, by Luciano Ramalho, is an excellent book about the more advanced features of Python. We highly recommend you get it, and we will be referencing it throughout the class. + +Individual Project +------------------ + +In addition to weekly exercises, you will also complete an individual project of your choosing. More detail here: :ref:`individual_project` + + +Week 1: Jan 9 -- Iterators and Generators, Packaging +.................................................... + +:ref:`session_2_01` + + +.. :ref:`iterators_generators` + +.. :ref:`packaging` + +.. Homework: make an proper package of mailroom: +.. :ref:`exercise_mailroom_package` + +Week 2: Jan 16 +.............. + +:ref:`session_2_02` + +:ref:`notes_session12` + +.. * Code Reviews + +.. * Closures and Currying + +.. :ref:`decorators` + + +Week 3: Jan 23 +.............. + +:ref:`session_2_03` + +:ref:`notes_session13` + +.. :ref:`context_managers` + +.. * Itertools + +.. * Functools + + +Week 4: Jan 30 -- Advanced Testing +.................................. + +:ref:`session_2_04` + +:ref:`notes_session14` + + +.. * ``unittest`` + +.. * Linting + +.. * Coverage + +.. * Fixtures + +.. * Mocking + +.. * Hypothesis Testing + + +Week 5: Feb 6 -- Debugging and Logging +...................................... + +.. Chris out of town + +:ref:`session_2_05` + +:ref:`notes_session15` + + +.. * Logging module + +.. * Syslog + +.. * Debugging techniques + +.. * pdb/ipdb + +Week 6: Feb 13 -- Metaprogramming +................................. + +:ref:`session_2_06` + +:ref:`notes_session16` + + +.. * Metprogramming tools + +.. * Class Decorators + +.. * Metaclasses + + +Week 7: Feb 20 -- Relational Databases +...................................... + +.. maria out of town + +:ref:`session_2_07` + +:ref:`notes_session17` + + +.. * SQL +.. * ORMs +.. * Normalization +.. * Schema +.. * Sqlite +.. * Postgresql + +Week 8: Feb 27 -- Object/Document, Key/Value and Graph Databases +................................................................ + +:ref:`session_2_08` + +:ref:`notes_session18` + + +.. * Persistence and Serialization: pickle, json, csv, ... +.. * Schema vs “Schemaless” +.. * No-Sql +.. * Mongo +.. * Redis +.. * Neo4j + +Week 9: Mar 6 -- Concurrency & Async Programming +................................................ + +:ref:`session_2_09` + +:ref:`notes_session19` + + +.. * Concurrency +.. * Threading and Multiprocessing +.. * Message Queues +.. * Coroutines +.. * Async +.. * Celery + +Week 10: Mar 13 -- Profiling & Performance +.......................................... + +.. Chris out of town. + +:ref:`session_2_10` + +:ref:`notes_session20` + +.. * Timing +.. * Profiling +.. * PyPy +.. * Cython + + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +:ref:`lightning_talks` + + +Supplemental Materials +====================== + +:ref:`installing_python` + +:ref:`setting_up_dev_environment` + +References: +=========== + +:ref:`references` + +Indices and tables +================== + +.. * :ref:`genindex` + +* :ref:`search` diff --git a/_sources/lightning_talks.rst.txt b/_sources/lightning_talks.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..06ceb476 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/lightning_talks.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +:orphan: + +.. _lightning_talks: + +#################################### +Lightning Talks from Fall 2017 Class +#################################### + +These are the topics of the lightning talks given in the Fall 2017 Class + +Individual Talks +================ + +Eowyn C Baughman: SQLAlchemy +---------------------------- + +:download:`SQLAlchemy.pptx <../../students/eowyn/SQLAlchemy.pptx>` + +Po-Sung Chao: rest interface +---------------------------- + +Scott B Peterson: Pandas and numpy +---------------------------------- + +Amitkumar Chudasma: how I got into python +----------------------------------------- + +Daniel Wojciechowski: OWASP secure dev. +--------------------------------------- + +Eric V Adams: openpyxl +----------------------- + +Tian Chuan Yen +-------------- + +Brian Warn: Python and PDFs +--------------------------- + +The PyPDF2 package: https://pythonhosted.org/PyPDF2/ + +:download:`Python_and_PDFs.pptx <../../students/brian_warn/session04/Python_and_PDFs.pptx>` + +:download:`pdf.py <../../students/brian_warn/session04/pdf.py>` + + +Guillaume R Thomas: What do I do with Python? +--------------------------------------------- + +:download:`Python_Projects.py <../../students/guillaume/Python Class Current project.pptx>` + + +Marlon M Estrada: pipenv +------------------------ + +https://docs.pipenv.org/ + + +Shibata Hiroyuki: Why Am I Here? +-------------------------------- + +hacker-typer for Atom: https://github.com/zamarrowski/hacker-typer + +:download:`tcpclient.py <../../students/shibata/tcpclient.py>` + + +Ali Dehghani +------------ + +David K Kan: progressbar2 +------------------------- + +Evgeny S Uvarov: paramiko +------------------------- + +Srikanth Thadigol Reddappa: solar eclipse times, plotted +-------------------------------------------------------- + +Alinafe Matenda: Driving Postgress with Python +---------------------------------------------- + + +Daniel W Kuchan: Internet of kind of dumb things +------------------------------------------------ + +Automatically turning on a nightlight when you get our of bed. + +Integrate it with the Internet + +Kathryn Egan: The argparse module +--------------------------------- + +Brian NagataL pdb debugger +-------------------------- + + +Rajaramesh V Yaramati: database status checking tool +---------------------------------------------------- + +Common interface for multiple database types, instances.. + +Zandra Eng: How I got here +-------------------------- + + + +John Navitsky: Ansible and python +--------------------------------- + +Simple, modular, written in Python... + +Matthew Sachio Maeda: Celery +---------------------------- + +Parallel task runner. + + +Morgan Heinemann: Selenium +-------------------------- + +Open source project for web automation. + +Can be driven by Python (and other languages) + + +James Takata: Why Python +------------------------ + +Assorted stats about Python usage, etc.... + +Python is popular -- and not platform specific. + +Katherine Marguerite Anderson: Where I'm coming from +---------------------------------------------------- + +Completely new to Python -- maybe career change from early childhood education. + + +Matthew D Briggs: Idea Capture +------------------------------ + +Use Python as Cloud Glue + +Python can be useful for a writer. + + +Hiroyuki Takechi: Statistical tools -- SAS and R +------------------------------------------------ + +Jacob Olsby +----------- + +Larry Beausoleil +---------------- diff --git a/_sources/notes/backing_out_a_change_in_git.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/backing_out_a_change_in_git.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ac229061 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/backing_out_a_change_in_git.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +Backing out and accidental change in git. + +Here's the sitch: + +I accidentally changed a file in the examples dir in my fork of the repo. + +Then I committed it, and pushed that commit to gitHub and did a PR. + +So how do I back this out? + +git reset is the key: + +https://stackoverflow.com/questions/215718/reset-or-revert-a-specific-file-to-a-specific-revision-using-git + +First step -- find a commit that has the correct version of the file. + +The file in question is: + +``examples/Session05/maillroom_test.py`` + +I can use ``git blame`` to figure out when the file was last touched. + +``git blame -L 2,6 examples/Session05/maillroom_test.py`` + +That means: show me the changes to lines 2--6 of this file. It's called "blame" becasue you can use it to figure out who to blame for a change in a file. + +Here's what I got:: + + 4795ddf4 (Chris Barker 2017-10-31 18:59:31 -0700 2) from os import system + 4795ddf4 (Chris Barker 2017-10-31 18:59:31 -0700 3) + 87d27a12 (Chris Barker 2017-12-09 16:18:22 -0800 4) # some extra in here just to test git + 87d27a12 (Chris Barker 2017-12-09 16:18:22 -0800 5) + 4795ddf4 (Chris Barker 2017-10-31 18:59:31 -0700 6) + +So this shows me that it was changed on 12-09, and before that on 10-31. The 12-09 change + + +git reset --hard d9a39776abedaf2d examples/Session05/maillroom_test.py \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/notes/session01.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session01.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a80af54a --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session01.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session01: + +#################### +Notes for Session 01 +#################### + +Notes for class \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/notes/session02.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session02.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..21a7fabc --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session02.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session02: + +#################### +Notes for Session 02 +#################### + +A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +Up today: + +Eowyn C Baughman + +Po-Sung Chao + +Scott B Peterson + +Are you ready? We'll do them in the middle of the session. + +Class Outline +============= + +Let's take a look at the class outline: + +https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/IntroPython-2017/ + + +git / gitHub +============ + +In general, most of you seem to have got the basics down: + + - creating a new file + - adding it to git + - pushing it to your fork of the class repo + - making a "pull request" on gitHub. + +Any conceptual questions? + +Let's go in and clean up Brian's fork... + +Exceptions +========== + +Most of you seemed to do fine making the few key exceptions -- any questions? + +**Note:** + +We were not expecting you to catch the exceptions -- we're really starting at the bottom here, just making sure you get used to seeing Exceptions, and what they mean. + +We'll get into Exception handling later. + +eval / exec +----------- + +One of you used ``eval`` to demonstrate a syntax error: + +.. code-block: python + + # SyntaxError test: + def syntax_test(): + ''' This tests SyntaxError ''' + try: + date = eval('datetime(2009, 12a, 31)') + except SyntaxError as e: + print("Your syntax is wrong: ", e) + +Which is a nifty way to get a Syntax Error without crashing the interpreter. + +But we were actually expecting you to crash the interpreter! That's kinda what syntax errors are about. + +General Advice: **don't use eval or exec** + +Why not? + + - dangerous! + - unnecessary -- metaprograming! -- we'll get to that second quarter. + + +Coding Bat +========== + +Anyone stuck on any of them? + +Anyone not like their solution? + +Let's talk about it! + + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +Let's take a break and do some lightning talks... + +Eowyn C Baughman + +Po-Sung Chao + +Scott B Peterson + +Now some new stuff +================== + +Grid Printer +------------ + +Get a start on your own, then we'll come together and finish it up. + +:ref:`exercise_grid_printer` + +Fizz Buzz +--------- + +Get a start on your own, then we'll come together and finish it up. + +:ref:`exercise_grid_printer` + +Recursion +--------- + +Get a start on your own, then we'll come together and finish it up. + +(seeing a pattern here?) + +:ref:`exercise_fibonacci` + + diff --git a/_sources/notes/session03.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session03.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..18b3020f --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session03.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session03: + +#################### +Notes for Session 03 +#################### + +A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +Up today: + +Amitkumar Chudasma + +Daniel Wojciechowski + +Eric V Adams + +Tian Chuan Yen + +Are you ready? We'll do them in the middle of the session. + +Issues that came up during the week. +==================================== + +Separation of concerns +---------------------- +From print_grid: if you are going to have separate functions, better for them to return a string, and then put all the printing in the calling function, on one place. That would make it more re-usable -- say you want to write to a file? + +This is a tiny example of what's known as "separation of concerns" + +Make use of symmetry +-------------------- + +nice trick: + +.. code-block:: python + + def gene_line(char_a, char_b, n): + line = char_a + ' ' + ((n - 1) // 2) * (char_b + ' ') + line = line + char_a + line[::-1] + +``is`` vs ``==`` +---------------- + +In FizzBuzz, someone had code something like this: + +``` +if n % 3 is 0: +``` + +That works, but it's a "Bad Idea™" + +"is" tests whether the objects are actually the same object -- not whether they have the same value. As you can easily have multiple objects that happen to have the same value, "is" will fail in the general case. + +This works because cpython has an optimization called "interning" -- since small integers are used so often, the interpreter keeps a pool of them around to re-use, rather than creating multiple integer objects with the same value. + +So "is" will work as a test for small integers, but not large ones: + +.. code-block:: ipython + + In [65]: x = 5 + + In [66]: y = 5 + + In [67]: x is y + Out[67]: True + + In [68]: x = 345678 + + In [69]: y = 345678 + + In [70]: x is y + Out[70]: False + +**NOTE:** This is also the case for small strings. + +**Important:** This is an implementation detail. Do not count on it! + + +The Zen of Python +----------------- + +Have you ever tried: ``import this`` ? + + + + diff --git a/_sources/notes/session04.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session04.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..55895633 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session04.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session04: + +#################### +Notes for Session 04 +#################### + +A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +The ones we didn't get to last week: + +Eric V Adams + +Tian Chuan Yen + +And Scheduled for today: + +Brian Warn + +Guillaume R Thomas + + +Shibata Hiroyuki + + +Let's do the folks from last week right now. And the others in the middle of the session. + +Issues that came up during the week. +==================================== + +Mutable default parameters +-------------------------- + +This is a real "gotcha" in Python. One of you wrote a non-recursive solution to the sum_series problem. It worked great -- EXCEPT if it got called more than once! Any idea what the problem is? + +.. code-block:: python + + def sum_series(nth=1, sequence=[0,1]): + """ + Generate a list of sums given a seed and return the Nth number. + """ + for i in range(2, nth): + sequence.append(sequence[i-2] + sequence[i-1]) + return sequence[nth-1] + +So this uses the logic of starting out with the first two values in the series, and then looping to build up the series from there. + +And [0, 1] is set as a default to start the series off -- the start of the Fibonacci series. So if you pass in only one argument, you should get the Fibonacci number: + +Remember that the start of the Fibonacci series is:: + + 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ... + +What happens when you run this code: + +.. code-block:: python + + In [21]: sum_series(5) + Out[21]: 3 + +All good. + + In [22]: sum_series(6) + Out[22]: 1 + # WTF??? + +The issue is that: + +Default Arguments get evaluated **when the function is defined**. So every time the function is called, it will use the *same* list! Each time adding more and more to the list. + +Let's explore that some more, and some solutions.... + +``str(input(...))``??? +---------------------- + +Minor issue, but a number of you have written code like: + +.. code-block:: python + + answer = str(input("some prompt > ")) + +But ``input()`` always returns a string -- no need to wrap a call to ``str()`` around it. + +You may have seen code like this on the web, as ``input()`` behaves differently in Python 2. + +recursion in an interactive loop +-------------------------------- + +not a great idea! + +you can do something like: + +.. code-block:: python + + def mainloop(): + while True: + ans = input("A question > ") + .... + if ans == "again" + mainloop() + +Let's look at this: + +``examples/session04/recursive_mainloop.py`` + +(do a ``git pull upstream master`` if you don't see it.) + + +Deleting from a list while looping through it +--------------------------------------------- + +This may seem like an obvious way to filter a list: + +.. code-block:: python + + for item in a_list: + if something: + a_list.remove(item) + +But it turns out that removing stuff from a list while looping through can make a mess of things. Let's try it: + +.. code-block:: python + + a_list = list(range(10)) + print(a_list) + # loop to remove everything... + for item in a_list: + if item: # is it an nonzero number? + a_list.remove(item) + print(a_list) + +Let's run this code, and see what we get. + +``examples/session04/deleting_in_loop.py`` + +What if you add stuff to a list while looping? + +Adding up immutables in loops +----------------------------- + +Mostly about strings, but it's an issue for numbers, too: + + + +In [8]: l +Out[8]: ['this', 'that', 'the', 'other', 'thing'] + +In [9]: sum(l, "") +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- +TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) + in () +----> 1 sum(l, "") + +TypeError: sum() can't sum strings [use ''.join(seq) instead] + +In [10]: def use_sum(seq): + ...: return sum(seq) + ...: + +In [11]: def use_loop(seq): + ...: val = 0 + ...: for i in seq: + ...: val += i + ...: return val + ...: + +In [12]: seq = list(range(100)) + +In [13]: use_sum(seq) +Out[13]: 4950 + +In [14]: use_loop(seq) +Out[14]: 4950 + +In [15]: seq = list(range(10000)) + +In [16]: % timeit use_sum(seq) +10000 loops, best of 3: 73.3 µs per loop + +In [17]: % timeit use_loop(seq) +1000 loops, best of 3: 385 µs per loop + + +``if __name__ == "__main__":`` +------------------------------ + +This can be confusing, but one key note: + +Put as little as possible in this block -- the idea is that most of your code can be run / used as a module, and *only* the code that has to be run in a script goes here. Often that is simply something like: + +.. code-block:: python + + if __name__ == "__main__": + main_function() diff --git a/_sources/notes/session05.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session05.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7b214530 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session05.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ + +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session05: + +#################### +Notes for Session 05 +#################### + +A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +Marlon M Estrada + +Ali Dehghani + +David K Kan + +Evgeny S Uvarov + +Srikanth Thadigol Reddappa + + + +Issues that came up during the week. +==================================== + +git and generated files +----------------------- + +In general, you don't want to put generated files in git. + +In this case, the letters your mailroom program created. + +**Caution:** be very careful with ``git add .`` or ``git add *`` -- generally better to specifically add the files you now you need. + +Style +----- + +Use PEP8 style -- really! + +https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/ + +The ONLY exception is if you work in an organization that has a different style guide. It can make sense for your python code to match other code in an organization. But otherwise, use a style consistent with the rest of the Python world. + +And don't use "Hungarian Notation" -- it is really non-pythonic, and sometimes actually wrong -- and a string called ``intSomething`` just adds confusion! + +The best way to do this is with a linter in your editor -- like the Anaconda package in Sublime. A number of you are getting really annoyed by all the "noise" that the linter creates. But if you keep your code in PEP8 style, it won't be there! + +sorting +------- + +``.sort()`` vs ``sorted()`` + +What is the "key" thing? how do you make one? + +Minor Issues +------------ + +Remember that: + +``something in a_dict`` checks if ``this`` is a key + +similarly: + +``for k in dict:`` + +loops through the keys. So no need for: + +``for k in dict.keys():`` + diff --git a/_sources/notes/session06.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session06.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5df9fdc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session06.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ + +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session06: + +#################### +Notes for Session 06 +#################### + +A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +Marlon M Estrada + +Ali Dehghani + +Alinafe Matenda + +Daniel W Kuchan + +Kathryn Egan + +Feedback +======== + +We got the results of the feedback survey last week. + +We really do read the comments and try to improve the class as we go. + +So Thanks! + +And you'll get another chance at the end of class, which we also appreciate. + + +Issues that came up during the week. +==================================== + +Getting an arbitrary key from a dict +------------------------------------ + +See ``arbitrary_key.py`` in `solutions/session04` + +dict as switch -- how do you leave the loop? +-------------------------------------------- + +Let's look at Eowyn's solution... + + +globals?? +--------- + +a number of you have been putting code in the global (module) namespace: + +.. code-block:: python + + the_dict = {} + + def fun(): + ... + the_dict = something() + +What's wrong with this? + +More on keyword arguments: +-------------------------- + +:ref:`keyword_only_arguments` + + + diff --git a/_sources/notes/session07.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session07.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3d8f5d9f --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session07.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ + +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session07: + +#################### +Notes for Session 07 +#################### + +A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +Marlon M Estrada (if you are prepared) + +Brian Nagata + +Rajaramesh V Yaramati + +Zandra Eng + + +Issues that came up during the week. +==================================== + +Mutating vs. re-assigning +------------------------- + +I've seen code like this in a few trigram solutions:: + + output = output + [follower] + +(``output`` is a list of strings, follower is a single string) + +What it does is add a new item to a list. + +But is that an efficient way to do that? + +If you are adding one element to a list -- append() is the way to go. This works fine, but it's creating a whole new list just to throw it away again: + +output_list.append (random_trigram_followers) + +and if you are adding another list of objects, you want to use extend(). The way it is now, you are actually doing: + +1) create a list with random_trigram_followers in it. +2) create a new list with the contents of output_list the new list. +3) re-assign the name output_list to that new list. +4) throw away the original output_list and the temporary list you created for random_trigram_followers + +That's a LOT of overhead! + +Be cognizant of when you are mutating (changing) an object vs creating a new one and assigning it to the same name. When you do assignment (=) you are probably creating a new object. + + ++= is different -- it is the "in_place" operator, so: + +a_list += another_list + +does not create an new lists -- it adds to the original list "in place" -- it is identical to: + +a_list.extend(another_list) + +And it is an efficient operation. + +DRY and the dict-driven menu +---------------------------- + +Eowyn came up with a really slick way to handle the mailroom menus -- really DRY code! + +This is also a great example of what writing your code to be testable does for you. Making the code testable, she took as much logic out of the code with the input() function -- and eventually found that the interaction loops were essentially the exact same code. + +Let's take a look: + +https://github.com/UWPCE-PythonCert/IntroPython-2017/blob/master/students/eowyn/session06/mailroom/mailroom.py + + + + diff --git a/_sources/notes/session08.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session08.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..13775193 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session08.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ + +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session08: + +#################### +Notes for Session 08 +#################### + +A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +John Navitsky + +Matthew Sachio Maeda + +Morgan Heinemann + +Let's take a look at the past lightning talks list -- make sure we haven't missed anyone. + + +Issues that came up during the week. +==================================== + +What to test? And how? +---------------------- + +Make sure you test what matters about a function's result -- it's easiest (particularly if you wrote the code first) to simply match results, but your system will be more flexible if you test for the parts that matter, and won't change. + +Ideally, your tests should be as isolated as possible. So if you, for instance, need to test that the correct letter is generated from a donor object, then create a donor object in the test, and pass that in, rather than using pulling it from the donor_db -- that way, the donor_db could be broken, and the individual tests will pass. + +If the object(s) you need to create are complex, then you can use "fixtures" to set things up for you. We'll get into that in the next quarter. + +This will start to make more and more sense as we do more testing -- and particularly when we do TDD and write the tests along with the code. + +Example: +........ + +.. code-block:: python + + def test_p_tag(): + assert Para.tag == 'p' + +I know I started out that way -- 'cause there wasn't anything else to test. But this is really testing an implementation detail -- the Para elements has a attribute named "tag" that is 'p'. But is that a public part of the API? do we care? -- No. What we care about is that the correct tag gets rendered, so a test for THAT makes more sense: + +.. code-block:: python + + def test_render_para(): + my_stuff = 'spam, spam, spam' + p = Para(my_stuff) + more_stuff = 'eggs, eggs, eggs' + p.append(more_stuff) + contents = render_element(p).strip() + assert contents.startswith('

') + assert contents.endswith('

') + assert my_stuff in contents + assert more_stuff in contents + + +Do you always need an __init__? +------------------------------- + +No -- you don't :-) + +The ONLY thing "special" about __init__ is that it is automatically called when an instance is created. Other than that, it's a regular method. So if you don't define one, then the superclass' __init__ will be called. + +That's what inheritance is all about -- the subclass inherits ALL the superclasses methods -- including __init__. + +So never write an __init__ that does nothing but call the superclass __init__ + +Subclasses and ``self`` +----------------------- + +``self`` is the first parameter in all methods. But why?? + +``self`` is the "current" instance of the object. This means that you don't know at code writing time what type it is -- is it the current class? some subclass? + +Let's experiment with that. + +html_render +----------- + +Let's look at up to step 3.... + +And move along... + +Lightning Talks +--------------- + +Circle class.... + + + + + diff --git a/_sources/notes/session09.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session09.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6b54e993 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session09.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ + +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session09: + +#################### +Notes for Session 09 +#################### + +A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +James Takata + +Katherine Marguerite Anderson + +Matthew D Briggs + +[Make sure you've got the right adapter....] + + +Issues that came up during the week. +==================================== + +"private" attributes and dunders +-------------------------------- + +``_something`` vs ``__something`` vs ``__something__`` + +Let's talk about that... + +Adding parameters to a subclass __init__ +---------------------------------------- + +In general, when you override a method in a subclass, you want the method signature to be the same. That is -- all the parameters should be the same. + +However, sometimes, particularly with ``__init__``, you may need a couple extra parameters. To keep things clean and extensible, you want to put the extra parameters at the beginning, before the super class' parameters: + +And this lets you use ``*args`` and ``**kwargs`` to pass along the usual ones. + +.. code-block:: python + + class Base: + def __init__(self, par1, par2, par3=something, par4=something): + ... + + class Subclass(Base): + def __init__(self, newpar1, newpar2, *args, **kwargs): + self.newpar1 = newpar1 + self.newpar2 = newpar2 + super().__init__(*args, **kwarg) + +Example: html_render Anchor tag: + +.. code-block:: python + + class A(OneLineTag): + """ + anchor element + """ + tag = "a" + + def __init__(self, link, *args, **kwargs): + kwargs['href'] = link + super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) + +This becomes particularly important with ``super()`` and subclassing... + +which we will get more into today. + +Any other html_render questions? +-------------------------------- + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +James Takata + +Katherine Marguerite Anderson + +Matthew D Briggs + + +New Topics +========== + +sorting +------- + +maybe it's a good idea to add a sort_key method to your classes? + +see ``IntroPython-2017/examples/Session09/sort_key.py`` + +let's try it on Circle.... + +classmethod +----------- + +``classmethod`` is really pretty simple to use, not much to talk about. But it can be a bit challenging to "get". + +The key point is that classmethods work for subclasses -- like for alternate constructors. + +Let's look at that with my Circle solution: + +``IntroPython-2017/solutions/Session08/circle.py`` + +(and answer any other questions about Circle, while we are at it) + +multiple inheritance and super() +-------------------------------- + +``super()`` is a mixed bag --it's actually a pretty complex topic, but can be pretty easy to use -- at least in the easy cases. + +To get the hang of multiple inheritance, mix-ins, and ``super()``, we'll play around with object canvas: + +See: ``IntroPython-2017/examples/Session09/object_canvas.py`` + + +Object Oriented Mailroom +------------------------ + +One more time! + +Yes, it's time to make mailroom Object oriented: + +:ref:`exercise_mailroom_oo` + + + + + + + diff --git a/_sources/notes/session10.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session10.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ec415733 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session10.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ + +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session10: + +#################### +Notes for Session 10 +#################### + +A collection of notes to go over in class, to keep things organized. + +Lightning Talks +=============== + +Hiroyuki Takechi + +Jacob Olsby + +Larry Beausoleil + + +Issues that came up during the week. +==================================== + +When to make a method or property? +----------------------------------- + +It is a good idea to make a property to access information in your class that requires "inside information", For example, in a Donor class: + +.. code-block:: python + + @property + def maxdonation(self): + return max(self.donations) + +This way, client code can get the maximum donation without knowing, or caring how the donations are stored in the class. + +However, there is no need to create a property to "hide" something that is already part of the public API: + +.. code-block:: python + + @property + def namelength(self): + return(len(self.name)) + +There is no point to this -- ``a_donor.name`` is expected to be a string -- so if you want to know how long it is, you can simply do: ``len(a_donor.name)`` + +You *do* want to use properties to "hide" implementation details -- but the name attribute being a string is part of the API, not an implementation detail. + +Anything else from OO mailroom? +------------------------------- + + +The Next Class +============== + +Next quarter, we'll finish up the core of the Python language, then go into depth on some of the more advanced features of the language. Finally, we'll do a bit with using Python with other tools, such as databases. + +Here's a Tentative Outline: + +Functional Programming 2 +------------------------ + +* Iterators and Iterables +* Itertools +* Functools + + +Functional Programming 3 +------------------------ + +* Closures and Currying +* Generators +* Coroutines + +Advanced Python Language Constructs +----------------------------------- + +* Decorators +* Context Managers + +* Meta Programming +* Meta Classes + +Debugging & Logging +------------------- +* Logging module +* Syslog +* pdb/ipdb + +Advanced Testing +---------------- +* Linting +* Coverage +* Fixtures +* Mocking + +Relational Databases +-------------------- +* SQL +* ORMs + * Normalization + * Schema +* Sqlite +* Postgresql + + +NoSQL Databases +--------------- +Object/Document, Key/Value and Graph Databases + +* Schema vs “Schemaless” +* Mongo +* Redis +* Neo4j + +Profiling & Performance +----------------------- + +* Timing +* Profiling +* PyPy +* Cython + +Concurrency & Async Programming +------------------------------- + +* Concurrency +* Threading and Multiprocessing +* Message Queues +* Async +* Celery + + +Functional Programming +====================== + +The readings were a little, shall we say, sparse. + +So I'll go over them now. + +lambda +------ + +map, filter, reduce +------------------- + +Want to try it with mailroom? + +:ref:`exercise_mailroom_fp` + +End of Quarter: +=============== + +We will review PRs through Sunday. + +I will hold office hours one last time this Sunday as well. + +**Anyone up for Celebratory Beer?** + + + + + diff --git a/_sources/notes/session11.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session11.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b9ddf1f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session11.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session11: + +################################ +Notes for Quarter 2, first class +################################ + diff --git a/_sources/notes/session12.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session12.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f1d7fa31 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session12.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session12: + +############################ +Notes for Quarter 2, class 2 +############################ + + +Packaging +========= + +Where to put ``__init__.py`` files? +----------------------------------- + +You only want to put ``init.py`` files in the "package" dirs -- that is, files with modules you want to import. + +So not in a data dir, and not in the bin dir -- the bin dir does have python file(s), but they should be top-level scripts, so they will be run, but not imported. + +Finding Data Files +------------------ + +* Putting data in a python file + +* Using __file__ + +* Using setuptools pkg_resources + + http://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html#resourcemanager-api + +Checking your package +--------------------- + +It can be pretty tricky to know if you package is doing the right thing. + +While developing and testing, you want to use develop mode. But then if a file isn't getting included, you don't really notice, as it all still works. + +Building the package +-------------------- + +You can use the ``build`` command to "build" the package. If there is not compiled code, it doesn't do much -- but it does copy everything into the build dir. So you can then look there and make sure it's right -- data files included, etc. + +OF course, the final test is to do a full install, and then test. If your tests are included in the pacakge, you can run them with:: + + $ pytest --pyargs pkg_name + +This tells pytest to go into the package, look for its tests, and run them. + +Source Distribution +------------------- + +One of setuptools' features is the ability to build an "sdist":: + + $ python setup.py sdist + +This builds a tarball of all the source, and puts it in the dist dir. + +You can unpack that tarball and make sure it has all the files as well. + +A complete package +------------------ + +Let's look at my Solution:: + + $ git pull upstream master + +``solutions/mailroom_pkg`` + +generators +========== + +Any questions? + +Let's look at my solutions: + +``solutions/iterators_generators`` + +Scope and Closures and Currying +=============================== + +Some nifty functional features: + +:ref:`closures` + +Decorators +========== + +Finally we learn what's under those @ symbols.... + +:ref:`decorators` + + + + + diff --git a/_sources/notes/session13.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session13.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..050d3bae --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session13.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session13: + +############################ +Notes for Quarter 2, class 3 +############################ + +Decorating methods +------------------ + +You need to have self passed through -- but you can use it! + +Let's take a look at johnnzz's mailroom.... + +Floating point range +-------------------- + +Doing a floating point range() -- and how to slice it??? + +This works! -- ``range(10)[1:-1]`` + +Lot of ways... + +Let's look at my fancy-pants solution :-) + +Review Trapz +------------ + +On to Context Managers +---------------------- + + + + + diff --git a/_sources/notes/session14.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session14.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..977d21c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session14.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session14: + +############################ +Notes for Quarter 2, class 4 +############################ + +Questions that came up +====================== + +More on Decorators +------------------ + +Eric found this decorator in *Core Python Programming* by Wesley Chun. + +.. code-block:: Python + + #! /usr/bin/env python + + from time import time + + def logged(when): + def log(f, *args, **kargs): + print('''Called + function: %s + args: %r + kargs: %r''' % (f, args, kargs)) + + def pre_logged(f): + def wrapper(*args, **kargs): + log(f, *args, **kargs) + return f(*args, **kargs) + return wrapper + + def post_logged(f): + def wrapper(*args, **kargs): + now = time() + try: + return f(*args, **kargs) + finally: + log(f, *args, **kargs) + print("time delta: %s" % (time() - now)) + return wrapper + + try: + return {"pre": pre_logged, + "post": post_logged}[when] + except KeyError as e: + raise (ValueError(e), 'must be "pre" or "post" ') + + + @logged("post") + def hello(name): + print("Hello, ", name) + + hello("World") + +There's a lot of layers of nesting in there -- let's figure it out! + +Context Managers +---------------- + +Any questions? + +Let's take a look at my solutions. + + diff --git a/_sources/notes/session15.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session15.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..09b34268 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session15.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session15: + +############################ +Notes for Quarter 2, class 5 +############################ + + +Exercises: + +Look in the examples/logging foler. + +In example.py, a logging system is set up that logs to a file, and also the console. + +It calls a fake "application" that does things in random order, logging as it goes... + +Let's go check it out! + + +Debugging exercise +------------------ + +Find the wikidef app in the examples/debugging folder + +See if you can find the bug and get the app working. Use whatever debugging +technique(s) you prefer. + +To run the app:: + + python define.py interesting_topic + +where interesting_topic is a topic of interest, like python. ;-) + +Once it is working again: +Using (i)pdb in module mode (python -m pdb ) to find the name of the server and the Content-Type that +wikipedia is using by looking at response.headers in Wikipedia.article. What type of object is response.headers? + +You can enter the debugger by running:: + + python -m pdb ./define.py robot + +(define.py takes the first sys arg and finds articles on wikipedia on that topic) + +You can get to the code by walking through each line with 's'tep and +'n'ext commands, or by setting a breakpoint and 'c'ontinuing. + +What's the result? + +You may also want to take a look at long_loop.py and see if you can answer the questions there. + diff --git a/_sources/notes/session16.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session16.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b62995cf --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session16.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session16: + +############################ +Notes for Quarter 2, class 6 +############################ diff --git a/_sources/notes/session17.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session17.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dfb8cd99 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session17.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session17: + +############################ +Notes for Quarter 2, class 7 +############################ + +Today we have a guest Lecturer: + +Andy Miles + +He'll be talking about Working with Relational Databases. + +You can find his slides here: + +https://gitpitch.com/milesak60/rdbms-slides#/ + +And example code here: + +https://github.com/milesak60/RDBMS-example + + + + diff --git a/_sources/notes/session18.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session18.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4b8de9a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session18.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session18: + +############################ +Notes for Quarter 2, class 8 +############################ + +February 27, 2018 + +Last Week +========= + +Last week, Andy talked about relational databases, and provided examples using the Pee Wee ORM. + +Did any of you put a DB (of any sort) behind your mailroom program? + +Or use one for your personal project? + +Any questions? + +Should we do a little code review? + +Today +===== + +Today we'll be talking about NoSQL databases -- or other ways to work with large collections of data. + +Lot to cover, so we have a choice: + +1) Spend some time on code review of some of your work -- we promised that. + + - which means we'll probably leave some of the NoSQL material for you to study up on your own. + +2) Get right into the the new material! + + + + diff --git a/_sources/notes/session19.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session19.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..776598bb --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session19.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session19: + +############################ +Notes for Quarter 2, class 9 +############################ diff --git a/_sources/notes/session20.rst.txt b/_sources/notes/session20.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d59a57a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/notes/session20.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +:orphan: + +.. _notes_session20: + +############################# +Notes for Quarter 2, class 10 +############################# diff --git a/_sources/syllabus.rst.txt b/_sources/syllabus.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2edf3b38 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/syllabus.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ +.. _syllabus: + +##################### +PYTHON 210A Syllabus +##################### + +.. image:: ./_static/python100.png + +UW Adult and Continuing Education Program +============================================ + +Certification in Python Programming: Program Description +--------------------------------------------------------- + +The Python Certificate program is a 9-month curriculum divided into three courses. By the end of the program students will have gained a fundamental understanding of programming in Python by creating a variety of scripts and applications for the Web and for systems development. Python is a versatile programming language, suitable for projects ranging from small scripts to large systems. The certificate program emphasizes best practices such as version control, unit testing and recommended styles and idioms. Students will explore the large standard library of Python 3.6, which supports many common programming tasks. + +First Course: Introduction to Python +===================================== + +Tuesdays 6-9 pm: Oct 3 - Dec 12, 2016 (10 Sessions) +--------------------------------------------------- + +NOTE: in the spirit of the dynamic nature of Python, this Syllabus (and the class) will be a dynamic document -- evolving as the class progresses. The general structure is fixed, but the details will change to meet the evolving needs of the class. + +Learning Goals +=============== + +By the end of this course, students will be able to “do something useful with Python”. + * Identify/characterize/define a problem + * Design a program to solve the problem + * Create executable code + * Read most Python code + * Write basic unit tests + +Approach: +========= +This class assumes a basic knowledge of programming. Thus I will try to emphasize what is unique about Python, with less focus on general programing concepts. + +One learns programming by doing -- I'll be demonstrating as I talk about concepts, and I will pause frequently to give you a chance to try things out, so plan on having a laptop up and running with python and your text editor of choice during each class. + +We will be using a combination of traditional lecture format and +`"Flipped Classroom" `_ approach -- We will generally have reading (or video) assignments that cover a topic, and then in class, we will work through exercises as a group to cement your understanding. We will also be doing frequent "pair programming" -- teaming the students up in pairs to work through exercises together. + +Logistics +========= +Location: Puget Sound Plaza, 4th and Union, Seattle + +Room 506 (5th floor) + +Tuesday nights, 6 - 9pm; Oct 3 - Dec 12, 2017 + +Your Instructors: +----------------- + +Christopher Barker -- pythonchb@gmail.com + +TA: Maria Mckinley -- mariak@mariakathryn.net + +Course website: https://github.com/UWPCE-PythonCert/IntroPython-2017 + + +Python Version: +=============== + +There are two main supported versions of Python: the 2.* series and the 3.* series (py3k). In this class we will be using "cPython" version 3.6, the version distributed by `python.org `_. Each student is expected to have access to a laptop with permission to install software -- both during class and for homework assignments. Any modern operating system is fine: OS-X, Linux, or Windows. + +Note that Python3 and Python2 have some slightly different syntax and semantics. Many of the examples you will find on the web are in Python2 syntax. We will cover the differences early in class so you will know how to translate. + +Assignments And Assessment +=========================== + +Homework: +--------- +There will generally be weekly homework assignments. They will include primarily reading and video watching and completing programming exercises started in class. You are not required to turn in the assignments to pass the course, however, we learn by doing, so I do encourage you to put some time in to the homework. I will review your work if you ask me to, and do mini code-reviews of selected assignments during class. + +`Teach Yourself Programming in Ten Years `_ + + +Lightning Talks: +----------------- + +Each student is expected to give one "lightning talk" during the class -- this is a simple 5-minute talk on something related to Python -- totally up to you. We will randomly assign the talks schedule (using Python, of course) during the first class. + +Grading And Attendance +---------------------- + +This course is graded pass/fail, based on attendance and participation in class. Students are required to attend at least 8 of the 10 classes. + +Policies And Values +------------------- + +Active learning requires students to participate in the class, as opposed to sitting and listening quietly. In class students will follow the instructor in creating demonstrative examples. Outside of class, students are expected to read the assignments, perform the homework, and post questions (about recent session topics) that they have on the class mailing list or slack before the next class session. Other students are strongly encouraged to answer these questions if possible. Answers to common and unanswered questions will be reviewed in the next class session. + +Your feedback on the course and instruction +------------------------------------------- + +After the 3rd class session, we solicit anonymous feedback from all students regarding the pacing and instruction of the course. Students will also be invited to provide comments at the end of the course. + +Student Handbook +----------------- + +The student handbook can be found online http://www.pce.uw.edu/resources/certificates/ + +Communication +============= + +Office Hours: +------------- + +Physical location to be determined week to week. + +Usually Saturdays and Sundays, 10:00 a.m. to noon Pacific Time (Seattle time) but day and time may change week to week. + +Office hours are completely optional + +Slack +----- + +We will be using Slack for communication. Join us there. + +https://python2017-fall.slack.com/ + +gitHub +------ + +All class materials will be up on gitHub (where you probably found this). This allows me to update things at the last minute, and the students can all have easy access to the latest versions. It also familiarizes you with a very useful tool for software development. + +We will also be using gitHub to communicate during the class -- turn in assignments, post questions, etc. + +We'll spend a bit of time during the first couple classes getting everyone up and running with git and gitHub. + +https://github.com/UWPCE-PythonCert/IntroPython-2017 + +for rendered and ready to read version of the class lecture notes: + +http://UWPCE-PythonCert.github.io/IntroPython-2017 + +Mailinglist +----------- + +There is a google groups mailing list for the class: + +https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/programming-in-python + +You should have received an invitation to join the group. If you have not, please let us know and we can get you added. + + +Course Textbook +--------------- + +There is no textbook to purchase. + +We have determined over time that a one-size-fits-all approach does not work well for the diverse skills and backgrounds of students in class. Thus, rather than requiring that everyone purchase a single text, we supply many resources, most of which are free (as in free beer) and available online. + +We also encourage you to purchase or find your own texts and references. If you have a special interest in, for instance, data visualization, machine learning or game programming, find a reference and bring it and your questions to class and/or weekly office hours. By the time you get to the third course in the series this will feel natural. Indeed it is the way we work as professionals in the field, each of us individually or in small teams finding the tools and resources we need to further our interests, skills and careers. + +A few you may want to consider: :ref:`python_learning_resources` + +Disability Accommodation +======================== + +Your experience in this class is important to us, and it is the policy and practice of the University of Washington to create inclusive and accessible learning environments consistent with federal and state law. If you experience barriers based on disability, please seek a meeting with DRS to discuss and address them. If you have already established accommodations with DRS, please communicate your approved accommodations to your instructor at your earliest convenience so we can discuss your needs in this course. + +Disability Resources for Students (DRS) offers resources and coordinates reasonable accommodations for students with disabilities. Reasonable accommodations are established through an interactive process between you, your instructor(s) and DRS. If you have not yet established services through DRS, but have a temporary or permanent disability that requires accommodations (this can include but not limited to; mental health, attention-related, learning, vision, hearing, physical or health impacts), you are welcome to contact DRS at 206-543-8924 or uwdrs@uw.edu or disability.uw.edu + + diff --git a/_static/ajax-loader.gif b/_static/ajax-loader.gif new file mode 100644 index 00000000..61faf8ca Binary files /dev/null and b/_static/ajax-loader.gif differ diff --git a/_static/alabaster.css b/_static/alabaster.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..be65b137 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/alabaster.css @@ -0,0 +1,693 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +@import url("basic.css"); + +/* -- page layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +body { + font-family: 'goudy old style', 'minion pro', 'bell mt', Georgia, 'Hiragino Mincho Pro', serif; 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Without this, docutils' magical list fuckery causes inconsistent + * formatting between different release sub-lists. + */ +div#changelog > div.section > ul > li > p:only-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +/* Hide fugly table cell borders in ..bibliography:: directive output */ +table.docutils.citation, table.docutils.citation td, table.docutils.citation th { + border: none; + /* Below needed in some edge cases; if not applied, bottom shadows appear */ + -moz-box-shadow: none; + -webkit-box-shadow: none; + box-shadow: none; +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/basic.css b/_static/basic.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6f408303 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/basic.css @@ -0,0 +1,643 @@ +/* + * basic.css + * ~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2018 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + 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padding-top: 5px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.indextable { + width: 100%; +} + +table.indextable td { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; +} + +table.indextable ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + list-style-type: none; +} + +table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul { + padding-left: 0em; +} + +table.indextable tr.pcap { + height: 10px; +} + +table.indextable tr.cap { + margin-top: 10px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +img.toggler { + margin-right: 3px; + margin-top: 3px; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.modindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +div.genindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +/* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.modindextable td { + padding: 2px; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote { + -moz-hyphens: auto; + -ms-hyphens: auto; + -webkit-hyphens: auto; + hyphens: auto; +} + +a.headerlink { + visibility: hidden; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, +h5:hover > a.headerlink, +h6:hover > a.headerlink, +dt:hover > a.headerlink, +caption:hover > a.headerlink, +p.caption:hover > a.headerlink, +div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +div.body p.caption { + text-align: inherit; +} + +div.body td { + text-align: left; +} + +.first { + margin-top: 0 !important; +} + +p.rubric { + margin-top: 30px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +img.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left { + clear: left; + float: left; + margin-right: 1em; +} + +img.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right { + clear: right; + float: right; + margin-left: 1em; +} + +img.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.align-left { + text-align: left; +} + +.align-center { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-right { + text-align: right; +} + +/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar { + margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; + border: 1px solid #ddb; + padding: 7px 7px 0 7px; + background-color: #ffe; + width: 40%; + float: right; +} + +p.sidebar-title { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.topic { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 7px 7px 0 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.admonition dl { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.docutils { + border: 0; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +table caption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +table caption span.caption-text { +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +table.footnote td, table.footnote th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +table.citation { + border-left: solid 1px gray; + margin-left: 1px; +} + +table.citation td { + border-bottom: none; +} + +/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + 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index 00000000..2a924f1d --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/custom.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +/* This file intentionally left blank. */ diff --git a/_static/doctools.js b/_static/doctools.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0c15c009 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/doctools.js @@ -0,0 +1,311 @@ +/* + * doctools.js + * ~~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx JavaScript utilities for all documentation. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2018 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/** + * select a different prefix for underscore + */ +$u = _.noConflict(); + +/** + * make the code below compatible with browsers without + * an installed firebug like debugger +if (!window.console || !console.firebug) { + var names = ["log", "debug", "info", "warn", "error", "assert", "dir", + "dirxml", "group", "groupEnd", "time", "timeEnd", "count", "trace", + "profile", "profileEnd"]; + window.console = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < names.length; ++i) + window.console[names[i]] = function() {}; +} + */ + +/** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + return decodeURIComponent(x).replace(/\+/g, ' '); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ +jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className)) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var bbox = span.getBBox(); + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + var parentOfText = node.parentNode.parentNode; + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +var Documentation = { + + init : function() { + this.fixFirefoxAnchorBug(); + this.highlightSearchWords(); + this.initIndexTable(); + + }, + + /** + * i18n support + */ + TRANSLATIONS : {}, + PLURAL_EXPR : function(n) { return n === 1 ? 0 : 1; }, + LOCALE : 'unknown', + + // gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions + // can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext) + gettext : function(string) { + var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string]; + if (typeof translated === 'undefined') + return string; + return (typeof translated === 'string') ? translated : translated[0]; + }, + + ngettext : function(singular, plural, n) { + var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular]; + if (typeof translated === 'undefined') + return (n == 1) ? singular : plural; + return translated[Documentation.PLURALEXPR(n)]; + }, + + addTranslations : function(catalog) { + for (var key in catalog.messages) + this.TRANSLATIONS[key] = catalog.messages[key]; + this.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function('n', 'return +(' + catalog.plural_expr + ')'); + this.LOCALE = catalog.locale; + }, + + /** + * add context elements like header anchor links + */ + addContextElements : function() { + $('div[id] > :header:first').each(function() { + $('\u00B6'). + attr('href', '#' + this.id). + attr('title', _('Permalink to this headline')). + appendTo(this); + }); + $('dt[id]').each(function() { + $('\u00B6'). + attr('href', '#' + this.id). + attr('title', _('Permalink to this definition')). + appendTo(this); + }); + }, + + /** + * workaround a firefox stupidity + * see: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=645075 + */ + fixFirefoxAnchorBug : function() { + if (document.location.hash && $.browser.mozilla) + window.setTimeout(function() { + document.location.href += ''; + }, 10); + }, + + /** + * highlight the search words provided in the url in the text + */ + highlightSearchWords : function() { + var params = $.getQueryParameters(); + var terms = (params.highlight) ? params.highlight[0].split(/\s+/) : []; + if (terms.length) { + var body = $('div.body'); + if (!body.length) { + body = $('body'); + } + window.setTimeout(function() { + $.each(terms, function() { + body.highlightText(this.toLowerCase(), 'highlighted'); + }); + }, 10); + $('

' + _('Hide Search Matches') + '

') + .appendTo($('#searchbox')); + } + }, + + /** + * init the domain index toggle buttons + */ + initIndexTable : function() { + var togglers = $('img.toggler').click(function() { + var src = $(this).attr('src'); + var idnum = $(this).attr('id').substr(7); + $('tr.cg-' + idnum).toggle(); + if (src.substr(-9) === 'minus.png') + $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-9) + 'plus.png'); + else + $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-8) + 'minus.png'); + }).css('display', ''); + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) { + togglers.click(); + } + }, + + /** + * helper function to hide the search marks again + */ + hideSearchWords : function() { + $('#searchbox .highlight-link').fadeOut(300); + $('span.highlighted').removeClass('highlighted'); + }, + + /** + * make the url absolute + */ + makeURL : function(relativeURL) { + return DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + '/' + relativeURL; + }, + + /** + * get the current relative url + */ + getCurrentURL : function() { + var path = document.location.pathname; + var parts = path.split(/\//); + $.each(DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT.split(/\//), function() { + if (this === '..') + parts.pop(); + }); + var url = parts.join('/'); + return path.substring(url.lastIndexOf('/') + 1, path.length - 1); + }, + + initOnKeyListeners: function() { + $(document).keyup(function(event) { + var activeElementType = document.activeElement.tagName; + // don't navigate when in search box or textarea + if (activeElementType !== 'TEXTAREA' && activeElementType !== 'INPUT' && activeElementType !== 'SELECT') { + switch (event.keyCode) { + case 37: // left + var prevHref = $('link[rel="prev"]').prop('href'); + if (prevHref) { + window.location.href = prevHref; + return false; + } + case 39: // right + var nextHref = $('link[rel="next"]').prop('href'); + if (nextHref) { + window.location.href = nextHref; + return false; + } + } + } + }); + } +}; + +// quick alias for translations +_ = Documentation.gettext; + +$(document).ready(function() { + Documentation.init(); +}); 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+ + if ( typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object" ) { + + // For CommonJS and CommonJS-like environments where a proper `window` + // is present, execute the factory and get jQuery. + // For environments that do not have a `window` with a `document` + // (such as Node.js), expose a factory as module.exports. + // This accentuates the need for the creation of a real `window`. + // e.g. var jQuery = require("jquery")(window); + // See ticket #14549 for more info. + module.exports = global.document ? + factory( global, true ) : + function( w ) { + if ( !w.document ) { + throw new Error( "jQuery requires a window with a document" ); + } + return factory( w ); + }; + } else { + factory( global ); + } + +// Pass this if window is not defined yet +} )( typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : this, function( window, noGlobal ) { + +// Edge <= 12 - 13+, Firefox <=18 - 45+, IE 10 - 11, Safari 5.1 - 9+, iOS 6 - 9.1 +// throw exceptions when non-strict code (e.g., ASP.NET 4.5) accesses strict mode +// arguments.callee.caller (trac-13335). But as of jQuery 3.0 (2016), strict mode should be common +// enough that all such attempts are guarded in a try block. +"use strict"; + +var arr = []; + +var document = window.document; + +var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf; + +var slice = arr.slice; + +var concat = arr.concat; + +var push = arr.push; + +var indexOf = arr.indexOf; + +var class2type = {}; + +var toString = class2type.toString; + +var hasOwn = class2type.hasOwnProperty; + +var fnToString = hasOwn.toString; + +var ObjectFunctionString = fnToString.call( Object ); + +var support = {}; + + + + function DOMEval( code, doc ) { + doc = doc || document; + + var script = doc.createElement( "script" ); + + script.text = code; + doc.head.appendChild( script ).parentNode.removeChild( script ); + } +/* global Symbol */ +// Defining this global in .eslintrc would create a danger of using the global +// unguarded in another place, it seems safer to define global only for this module + + + +var + version = "3.1.0", + + // Define a local copy of jQuery + jQuery = function( selector, context ) { + + // The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced' + // Need init if jQuery is called (just allow error to be thrown if not included) + return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context ); + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only + // Make sure we trim BOM and NBSP + rtrim = /^[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+|[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+$/g, + + // Matches dashed string for camelizing + rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/, + rdashAlpha = /-([a-z])/g, + + // Used by jQuery.camelCase as callback to replace() + fcamelCase = function( all, letter ) { + return letter.toUpperCase(); + }; + +jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = { + + // The current version of jQuery being used + jquery: version, + + constructor: jQuery, + + // The default length of a jQuery object is 0 + length: 0, + + toArray: function() { + return slice.call( this ); + }, + + // Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR + // Get the whole matched element set as a clean array + get: function( num ) { + return num != null ? + + // Return just the one element from the set + ( num < 0 ? this[ num + this.length ] : this[ num ] ) : + + // Return all the elements in a clean array + slice.call( this ); + }, + + // Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack + // (returning the new matched element set) + pushStack: function( elems ) { + + // Build a new jQuery matched element set + var ret = jQuery.merge( this.constructor(), elems ); + + // Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference) + ret.prevObject = this; + + // Return the newly-formed element set + return ret; + }, + + // Execute a callback for every element in the matched set. + each: function( callback ) { + return jQuery.each( this, callback ); + }, + + map: function( callback ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.map( this, function( elem, i ) { + return callback.call( elem, i, elem ); + } ) ); + }, + + slice: function() { + return this.pushStack( slice.apply( this, arguments ) ); + }, + + first: function() { + return this.eq( 0 ); + }, + + last: function() { + return this.eq( -1 ); + }, + + eq: function( i ) { + var len = this.length, + j = +i + ( i < 0 ? len : 0 ); + return this.pushStack( j >= 0 && j < len ? [ this[ j ] ] : [] ); + }, + + end: function() { + return this.prevObject || this.constructor(); + }, + + // For internal use only. + // Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method. + push: push, + sort: arr.sort, + splice: arr.splice +}; + +jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() { + var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone, + target = arguments[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 1, + length = arguments.length, + deep = false; + + // Handle a deep copy situation + if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) { + deep = target; + + // Skip the boolean and the target + target = arguments[ i ] || {}; + i++; + } + + // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy) + if ( typeof target !== "object" && !jQuery.isFunction( target ) ) { + target = {}; + } + + // Extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed + if ( i === length ) { + target = this; + i--; + } + + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + + // Only deal with non-null/undefined values + if ( ( options = arguments[ i ] ) != null ) { + + // Extend the base object + for ( name in options ) { + src = target[ name ]; + copy = options[ name ]; + + // Prevent never-ending loop + if ( target === copy ) { + continue; + } + + // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays + if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject( copy ) || + ( copyIsArray = jQuery.isArray( copy ) ) ) ) { + + if ( copyIsArray ) { + copyIsArray = false; + clone = src && jQuery.isArray( src ) ? src : []; + + } else { + clone = src && jQuery.isPlainObject( src ) ? src : {}; + } + + // Never move original objects, clone them + target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy ); + + // Don't bring in undefined values + } else if ( copy !== undefined ) { + target[ name ] = copy; + } + } + } + } + + // Return the modified object + return target; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Unique for each copy of jQuery on the page + expando: "jQuery" + ( version + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ), + + // Assume jQuery is ready without the ready module + isReady: true, + + error: function( msg ) { + throw new Error( msg ); + }, + + noop: function() {}, + + isFunction: function( obj ) { + return jQuery.type( obj ) === "function"; + }, + + isArray: Array.isArray, + + isWindow: function( obj ) { + return obj != null && obj === obj.window; + }, + + isNumeric: function( obj ) { + + // As of jQuery 3.0, isNumeric is limited to + // strings and numbers (primitives or objects) + // that can be coerced to finite numbers (gh-2662) + var type = jQuery.type( obj ); + return ( type === "number" || type === "string" ) && + + // parseFloat NaNs numeric-cast false positives ("") + // ...but misinterprets leading-number strings, particularly hex literals ("0x...") + // subtraction forces infinities to NaN + !isNaN( obj - parseFloat( obj ) ); + }, + + isPlainObject: function( obj ) { + var proto, Ctor; + + // Detect obvious negatives + // Use toString instead of jQuery.type to catch host objects + if ( !obj || toString.call( obj ) !== "[object Object]" ) { + return false; + } + + proto = getProto( obj ); + + // Objects with no prototype (e.g., `Object.create( null )`) are plain + if ( !proto ) { + return true; + } + + // Objects with prototype are plain iff they were constructed by a global Object function + Ctor = hasOwn.call( proto, "constructor" ) && proto.constructor; + return typeof Ctor === "function" && fnToString.call( Ctor ) === ObjectFunctionString; + }, + + isEmptyObject: function( obj ) { + + /* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */ + // See https://github.com/eslint/eslint/issues/6125 + var name; + + for ( name in obj ) { + return false; + } + return true; + }, + + type: function( obj ) { + if ( obj == null ) { + return obj + ""; + } + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only (functionish RegExp) + return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ? + class2type[ toString.call( obj ) ] || "object" : + typeof obj; + }, + + // Evaluates a script in a global context + globalEval: function( code ) { + DOMEval( code ); + }, + + // Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules + // Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 + // Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572) + camelCase: function( string ) { + return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase ); + }, + + nodeName: function( elem, name ) { + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase(); + }, + + each: function( obj, callback ) { + var length, i = 0; + + if ( isArrayLike( obj ) ) { + length = obj.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } else { + for ( i in obj ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } + + return obj; + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only + trim: function( text ) { + return text == null ? + "" : + ( text + "" ).replace( rtrim, "" ); + }, + + // results is for internal usage only + makeArray: function( arr, results ) { + var ret = results || []; + + if ( arr != null ) { + if ( isArrayLike( Object( arr ) ) ) { + jQuery.merge( ret, + typeof arr === "string" ? + [ arr ] : arr + ); + } else { + push.call( ret, arr ); + } + } + + return ret; + }, + + inArray: function( elem, arr, i ) { + return arr == null ? -1 : indexOf.call( arr, elem, i ); + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + merge: function( first, second ) { + var len = +second.length, + j = 0, + i = first.length; + + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + first[ i++ ] = second[ j ]; + } + + first.length = i; + + return first; + }, + + grep: function( elems, callback, invert ) { + var callbackInverse, + matches = [], + i = 0, + length = elems.length, + callbackExpect = !invert; + + // Go through the array, only saving the items + // that pass the validator function + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + callbackInverse = !callback( elems[ i ], i ); + if ( callbackInverse !== callbackExpect ) { + matches.push( elems[ i ] ); + } + } + + return matches; + }, + + // arg is for internal usage only + map: function( elems, callback, arg ) { + var length, value, + i = 0, + ret = []; + + // Go through the array, translating each of the items to their new values + if ( isArrayLike( elems ) ) { + length = elems.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + + // Go through every key on the object, + } else { + for ( i in elems ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + } + + // Flatten any nested arrays + return concat.apply( [], ret ); + }, + + // A global GUID counter for objects + guid: 1, + + // Bind a function to a context, optionally partially applying any + // arguments. + proxy: function( fn, context ) { + var tmp, args, proxy; + + if ( typeof context === "string" ) { + tmp = fn[ context ]; + context = fn; + fn = tmp; + } + + // Quick check to determine if target is callable, in the spec + // this throws a TypeError, but we will just return undefined. + if ( !jQuery.isFunction( fn ) ) { + return undefined; + } + + // Simulated bind + args = slice.call( arguments, 2 ); + proxy = function() { + return fn.apply( context || this, args.concat( slice.call( arguments ) ) ); + }; + + // Set the guid of unique handler to the same of original handler, so it can be removed + proxy.guid = fn.guid = fn.guid || jQuery.guid++; + + return proxy; + }, + + now: Date.now, + + // jQuery.support is not used in Core but other projects attach their + // properties to it so it needs to exist. + support: support +} ); + +if ( typeof Symbol === "function" ) { + jQuery.fn[ Symbol.iterator ] = arr[ Symbol.iterator ]; +} + +// Populate the class2type map +jQuery.each( "Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split( " " ), +function( i, name ) { + class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase(); +} ); + +function isArrayLike( obj ) { + + // Support: real iOS 8.2 only (not reproducible in simulator) + // `in` check used to prevent JIT error (gh-2145) + // hasOwn isn't used here due to false negatives + // regarding Nodelist length in IE + var length = !!obj && "length" in obj && obj.length, + type = jQuery.type( obj ); + + if ( type === "function" || jQuery.isWindow( obj ) ) { + return false; + } + + return type === "array" || length === 0 || + typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj; +} +var Sizzle = +/*! + * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.0 + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright jQuery Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * http://jquery.org/license + * + * Date: 2016-01-04 + */ +(function( window ) { + +var i, + support, + Expr, + getText, + isXML, + tokenize, + compile, + select, + outermostContext, + sortInput, + hasDuplicate, + + // Local document vars + setDocument, + document, + docElem, + documentIsHTML, + rbuggyQSA, + rbuggyMatches, + matches, + contains, + + // Instance-specific data + expando = "sizzle" + 1 * new Date(), + preferredDoc = window.document, + dirruns = 0, + done = 0, + classCache = createCache(), + tokenCache = createCache(), + compilerCache = createCache(), + sortOrder = function( a, b ) { + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + } + return 0; + }, + + // Instance methods + hasOwn = ({}).hasOwnProperty, + arr = [], + pop = arr.pop, + push_native = arr.push, + push = arr.push, + slice = arr.slice, + // Use a stripped-down indexOf as it's faster than native + // https://jsperf.com/thor-indexof-vs-for/5 + indexOf = function( list, elem ) { + var i = 0, + len = list.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( list[i] === elem ) { + return i; + } + } + return -1; + }, + + booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped", + + // Regular expressions + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace + whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]", + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#value-def-identifier + identifier = "(?:\\\\.|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\xa0])+", + + // Attribute selectors: http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors + attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + identifier + ")(?:" + whitespace + + // Operator (capture 2) + "*([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace + + // "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5] or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]" + "*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" + whitespace + + "*\\]", + + pseudos = ":(" + identifier + ")(?:\\((" + + // To reduce the number of selectors needing tokenize in the preFilter, prefer arguments: + // 1. quoted (capture 3; capture 4 or capture 5) + "('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|" + + // 2. simple (capture 6) + "((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes + ")*)|" + + // 3. anything else (capture 2) + ".*" + + ")\\)|)", + + // Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter + rwhitespace = new RegExp( whitespace + "+", "g" ), + rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" + whitespace + "+$", "g" ), + + rcomma = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*" ), + rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace + "*" ), + + rattributeQuotes = new RegExp( "=" + whitespace + "*([^\\]'\"]*?)" + whitespace + "*\\]", "g" ), + + rpseudo = new RegExp( pseudos ), + ridentifier = new RegExp( "^" + identifier + "$" ), + + matchExpr = { + "ID": new RegExp( "^#(" + identifier + ")" ), + "CLASS": new RegExp( "^\\.(" + identifier + ")" ), + "TAG": new RegExp( "^(" + identifier + "|[*])" ), + "ATTR": new RegExp( "^" + attributes ), + "PSEUDO": new RegExp( "^" + pseudos ), + "CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" + whitespace + + "*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" + whitespace + + "*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ), + "bool": new RegExp( "^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i" ), + // For use in libraries implementing .is() + // We use this for POS matching in `select` + "needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" + + whitespace + "*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" ) + }, + + rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rheader = /^h\d$/i, + + rnative = /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/, + + // Easily-parseable/retrievable ID or TAG or CLASS selectors + rquickExpr = /^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/, + + rsibling = /[+~]/, + + // CSS escapes + // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters + runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\([\\da-f]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|(" + whitespace + ")|.)", "ig" ), + funescape = function( _, escaped, escapedWhitespace ) { + var high = "0x" + escaped - 0x10000; + // NaN means non-codepoint + // Support: Firefox<24 + // Workaround erroneous numeric interpretation of +"0x" + return high !== high || escapedWhitespace ? + escaped : + high < 0 ? + // BMP codepoint + String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) : + // Supplemental Plane codepoint (surrogate pair) + String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 ); + }, + + // CSS string/identifier serialization + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#common-serializing-idioms + rcssescape = /([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\x80-\uFFFF\w-]/g, + fcssescape = function( ch, asCodePoint ) { + if ( asCodePoint ) { + + // U+0000 NULL becomes U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER + if ( ch === "\0" ) { + return "\uFFFD"; + } + + // Control characters and (dependent upon position) numbers get escaped as code points + return ch.slice( 0, -1 ) + "\\" + ch.charCodeAt( ch.length - 1 ).toString( 16 ) + " "; + } + + // Other potentially-special ASCII characters get backslash-escaped + return "\\" + ch; + }, + + // Used for iframes + // See setDocument() + // Removing the function wrapper causes a "Permission Denied" + // error in IE + unloadHandler = function() { + setDocument(); + }, + + disabledAncestor = addCombinator( + function( elem ) { + return elem.disabled === true; + }, + { dir: "parentNode", next: "legend" } + ); + +// Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList ) +try { + push.apply( + (arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes )), + preferredDoc.childNodes + ); + // Support: Android<4.0 + // Detect silently failing push.apply + arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType; +} catch ( e ) { + push = { apply: arr.length ? + + // Leverage slice if possible + function( target, els ) { + push_native.apply( target, slice.call(els) ); + } : + + // Support: IE<9 + // Otherwise append directly + function( target, els ) { + var j = target.length, + i = 0; + // Can't trust NodeList.length + while ( (target[j++] = els[i++]) ) {} + target.length = j - 1; + } + }; +} + +function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var m, i, elem, nid, match, groups, newSelector, + newContext = context && context.ownerDocument, + + // nodeType defaults to 9, since context defaults to document + nodeType = context ? context.nodeType : 9; + + results = results || []; + + // Return early from calls with invalid selector or context + if ( typeof selector !== "string" || !selector || + nodeType !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 && nodeType !== 11 ) { + + return results; + } + + // Try to shortcut find operations (as opposed to filters) in HTML documents + if ( !seed ) { + + if ( ( context ? context.ownerDocument || context : preferredDoc ) !== document ) { + setDocument( context ); + } + context = context || document; + + if ( documentIsHTML ) { + + // If the selector is sufficiently simple, try using a "get*By*" DOM method + // (excepting DocumentFragment context, where the methods don't exist) + if ( nodeType !== 11 && (match = rquickExpr.exec( selector )) ) { + + // ID selector + if ( (m = match[1]) ) { + + // Document context + if ( nodeType === 9 ) { + if ( (elem = context.getElementById( m )) ) { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( elem.id === m ) { + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } else { + return results; + } + + // Element context + } else { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( newContext && (elem = newContext.getElementById( m )) && + contains( context, elem ) && + elem.id === m ) { + + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } + + // Type selector + } else if ( match[2] ) { + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByTagName( selector ) ); + return results; + + // Class selector + } else if ( (m = match[3]) && support.getElementsByClassName && + context.getElementsByClassName ) { + + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByClassName( m ) ); + return results; + } + } + + // Take advantage of querySelectorAll + if ( support.qsa && + !compilerCache[ selector + " " ] && + (!rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector )) ) { + + if ( nodeType !== 1 ) { + newContext = context; + newSelector = selector; + + // qSA looks outside Element context, which is not what we want + // Thanks to Andrew Dupont for this workaround technique + // Support: IE <=8 + // Exclude object elements + } else if ( context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) { + + // Capture the context ID, setting it first if necessary + if ( (nid = context.getAttribute( "id" )) ) { + nid = nid.replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); + } else { + context.setAttribute( "id", (nid = expando) ); + } + + // Prefix every selector in the list + groups = tokenize( selector ); + i = groups.length; + while ( i-- ) { + groups[i] = "#" + nid + " " + toSelector( groups[i] ); + } + newSelector = groups.join( "," ); + + // Expand context for sibling selectors + newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context; + } + + if ( newSelector ) { + try { + push.apply( results, + newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector ) + ); + return results; + } catch ( qsaError ) { + } finally { + if ( nid === expando ) { + context.removeAttribute( "id" ); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + // All others + return select( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ), context, results, seed ); +} + +/** + * Create key-value caches of limited size + * @returns {function(string, object)} Returns the Object data after storing it on itself with + * property name the (space-suffixed) string and (if the cache is larger than Expr.cacheLength) + * deleting the oldest entry + */ +function createCache() { + var keys = []; + + function cache( key, value ) { + // Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157) + if ( keys.push( key + " " ) > Expr.cacheLength ) { + // Only keep the most recent entries + delete cache[ keys.shift() ]; + } + return (cache[ key + " " ] = value); + } + return cache; +} + +/** + * Mark a function for special use by Sizzle + * @param {Function} fn The function to mark + */ +function markFunction( fn ) { + fn[ expando ] = true; + return fn; +} + +/** + * Support testing using an element + * @param {Function} fn Passed the created element and returns a boolean result + */ +function assert( fn ) { + var el = document.createElement("fieldset"); + + try { + return !!fn( el ); + } catch (e) { + return false; + } finally { + // Remove from its parent by default + if ( el.parentNode ) { + el.parentNode.removeChild( el ); + } + // release memory in IE + el = null; + } +} + +/** + * Adds the same handler for all of the specified attrs + * @param {String} attrs Pipe-separated list of attributes + * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied + */ +function addHandle( attrs, handler ) { + var arr = attrs.split("|"), + i = arr.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + Expr.attrHandle[ arr[i] ] = handler; + } +} + +/** + * Checks document order of two siblings + * @param {Element} a + * @param {Element} b + * @returns {Number} Returns less than 0 if a precedes b, greater than 0 if a follows b + */ +function siblingCheck( a, b ) { + var cur = b && a, + diff = cur && a.nodeType === 1 && b.nodeType === 1 && + a.sourceIndex - b.sourceIndex; + + // Use IE sourceIndex if available on both nodes + if ( diff ) { + return diff; + } + + // Check if b follows a + if ( cur ) { + while ( (cur = cur.nextSibling) ) { + if ( cur === b ) { + return -1; + } + } + } + + return a ? 1 : -1; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for input types + * @param {String} type + */ +function createInputPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for buttons + * @param {String} type + */ +function createButtonPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return (name === "input" || name === "button") && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for :enabled/:disabled + * @param {Boolean} disabled true for :disabled; false for :enabled + */ +function createDisabledPseudo( disabled ) { + // Known :disabled false positives: + // IE: *[disabled]:not(button, input, select, textarea, optgroup, option, menuitem, fieldset) + // not IE: fieldset[disabled] > legend:nth-of-type(n+2) :can-disable + return function( elem ) { + + // Check form elements and option elements for explicit disabling + return "label" in elem && elem.disabled === disabled || + "form" in elem && elem.disabled === disabled || + + // Check non-disabled form elements for fieldset[disabled] ancestors + "form" in elem && elem.disabled === false && ( + // Support: IE6-11+ + // Ancestry is covered for us + elem.isDisabled === disabled || + + // Otherwise, assume any non-