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109.md

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你暂且阅读文档,不理解也没关系。下面用示例来说明使用方法。
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 >>> "I like {0} and {1}".format("python", "canglaoshi")
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 'I like python and canglaoshi'
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>>> "I like {0} and {1}".format("python", "canglaoshi")
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'I like python and canglaoshi'
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在交互模式中,输入了字符串`"I like {0} and {1}"`,并且其中用`{0}``{1}`占据了两个位置,它们就是占位符。然后使一个非常重要的点`.`
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你还可以这样试试,就理解更深刻了。
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>>> "I like {1} and {0}".format("python", "canglaoshi")
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 'I like canglaoshi and python'
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'I like canglaoshi and python'
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请仔细观察找区别。
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既然是“格式化”,就要指定一些格式,让输出的结果符合指定的样式。
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 >>> "I like {0:10} and {1:>15}".format("python", "canglaoshi")
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 'I like python and canglaoshi'
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>>> "I like {0:10} and {1:>15}".format("python", "canglaoshi")
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'I like python and canglaoshi'
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现在有格式了。`{0:10}`表示第一个位置,有10个字符那么长,并且放在这个位置的字符是左对齐;`{1:>15}`表示第二个位置,有15个字符那么长,并且放在这个位置的字符是右对齐。
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 >>> "I like {0:^10} and {1:^15}".format("python", "canglaoshi")
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 'I like python and canglaoshi '
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>>> "I like {0:^10} and {1:^15}".format("python", "canglaoshi")
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'I like python and canglaoshi '
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现在是居中对齐了。
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 >>> "I like {0:.2} and {1:^10.4}".format("python", "canglaoshi")
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 'I like py and cang '
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>>> "I like {0:.2} and {1:^10.4}".format("python", "canglaoshi")
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'I like py and cang '
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这个有点复杂,我们一点一点的解释。
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`format()`中,除了能够传入字符串,还可以传入数字(包括整数和浮点数),而且也能有各种花样。
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 >>> "She is {0:d} years old and the breast is {1:f}cm".format(28, 90.1415926)
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 'She is 28 years old and the breast is 90.141593cm'
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>>> "She is {0:d} years old and the breast is {1:f}cm".format(28, 90.1415926)
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'She is 28 years old and the breast is 90.141593cm'
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`{0:d}`表示在第一个位置放一个整数;`{1:f}`表示在第二个位置放一个浮点数,那么浮点数的小数位数,是默认的。下面在这个基础上,可以再做一些显示格式的优化。
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 >>> "She is {0:4d} years old and the breast is {1:6.2f}cm".format(28, 90.1415926)
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 'She is 28 years old and the breast is 90.14cm'
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>>> "She is {0:4d} years old and the breast is {1:6.2f}cm".format(28, 90.1415926)
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'She is 28 years old and the breast is 90.14cm'
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`{0:d}`表示第一个位置的长度是4个字符,并且默认状态下,填充到该位置的整数是右对齐。
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`{1:6.2f}`表示第二个位置的长度使6个字符,并且填充到该位置的浮点数要保留两位小数,默认也是右对齐。
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 >>> "She is {0:04d} years old and the breast is {1:06.2f}cm".format(28, 90.1415926)
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 'She is 0028 years old and the breast is 090.14cm'
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>>> "She is {0:04d} years old and the breast is {1:06.2f}cm".format(28, 90.1415926)
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'She is 0028 years old and the breast is 090.14cm'
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`{0:04d}``{1:06.2f}`与前述例子不同的在于在声明位置长度的数字前面多了`0`,其含义是在数字前面,如果位数不足,则补`0`
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以上的输出方式中,我们只讨论了`format(*args, **kwargs)`中的`*args`部分。还有另外一种方式,则是与`**kwargs`有关的(关于这两种参数的含义,本教程后面有专门介绍)。
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 >>> "I like {lang} and {name}".format(lang="python", name="canglaoshi")
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 'I like python and canglaoshi'
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>>> "I like {lang} and {name}".format(lang="python", name="canglaoshi")
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'I like python and canglaoshi'
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一种被称为“字典格式化”,这里仅仅列一个例子。关于“字典”,本教程后续会有的。
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 >>> data = {"name":"Canglaoshi", "age":28}
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 >>> "{name} is {age}".format(**data)
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 'Canglaoshi is 28'
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>>> data = {"name":"Canglaoshi", "age":28}
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>>> "{name} is {age}".format(**data)
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'Canglaoshi is 28'
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`format()`做字符串格式化输出,真的很简洁,堪称优雅。
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