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"""
Module to allow Plotly graphs to interact with IPython widgets.
"""
import json
import uuid
from collections import deque
from pkg_resources import resource_string
# TODO: protected imports?
from IPython.html import widgets
from IPython.utils.traitlets import Unicode
from IPython.display import Javascript, display
import plotly.plotly.plotly as py
from plotly import utils, tools
from plotly.graph_objs import Figure
# Load JS widget code
# No officially recommended way to do this in any other way
# http://mail.scipy.org/pipermail/ipython-dev/2014-April/013835.html
js_widget_code = resource_string('plotly',
'widgets/graphWidget.js').decode('utf-8')
display(Javascript(js_widget_code))
__all__ = None
class GraphWidget(widgets.DOMWidget):
"""An interactive Plotly graph widget for use in IPython
Notebooks.
"""
_view_name = Unicode('GraphView', sync=True)
_message = Unicode(sync=True)
_graph_url = Unicode(sync=True)
_new_url = Unicode(sync=True)
_filename = ''
_flags = {
'save_pending': False
}
# TODO: URL for offline enterprise
def __init__(self, graph_url='https://plot.ly/~playground/7', **kwargs):
"""Initialize a plotly graph widget
Args:
graph_url: The url of a Plotly graph
Example:
```
GraphWidget('https://plot.ly/~chris/3375')
```
"""
super(GraphWidget, self).__init__(**kwargs)
# TODO: Validate graph_url
self._graph_url = graph_url
self._listener_set = set()
self._event_handlers = {
'click': widgets.CallbackDispatcher(),
'hover': widgets.CallbackDispatcher(),
'zoom': widgets.CallbackDispatcher()
}
self._graphId = ''
self.on_msg(self._handle_msg)
# messages to the iframe client need to wait for the
# iframe to communicate that it is ready
# unfortunately, this two-way blocking communication
# isn't possible
# (https://github.com/ipython/ipython/wiki/IPEP-21:-Widget-Messages#caveats)
# so we'll just cue up messages until they're ready to be sent
self._clientMessages = deque()
@property
def url(self):
return self._new_url or ''
def _handle_msg(self, message):
"""Handle a msg from the front-end.
Args:
content (dict): Content of the msg.
"""
content = message['content']['data']['content']
if content.get('event', '') == 'pong':
self._graphId = content['graphId']
# ready to recieve - pop out all of the items in the deque
while self._clientMessages:
_message = self._clientMessages.popleft()
_message['graphId'] = self._graphId
_message = json.dumps(_message)
self._message = _message
if content.get('event', '') in ['click', 'hover', 'zoom']:
# De-nest the message
if content['event'] == 'click' or content['event'] == 'hover':
message = content['message']['points']
elif content['event'] == 'zoom':
message = content['message']['ranges']
self._event_handlers[content['event']](self, message)
if content.get('event', '') == 'getAttributes':
self._attributes = content.get('response', {})
# there might be a save pending, use the plotly module to save
if self._flags['save_pending']:
self._flags['save_pending'] = False
url = py.plot(self._attributes, auto_open=False,
filename=self._filename, validate=False)
self._new_url = url
self._fade_to('slow', 1)
def _handle_registration(self, event_type, callback, remove):
self._event_handlers[event_type].register_callback(callback,
remove=remove)
event_callbacks = self._event_handlers[event_type].callbacks
if (len(event_callbacks) and event_type not in self._listener_set):
self._listener_set.add(event_type)
message = {'task': 'listen', 'events': list(self._listener_set)}
self._handle_outgoing_message(message)
def _handle_outgoing_message(self, message):
if self._graphId == '':
self._clientMessages.append(message)
else:
message['graphId'] = self._graphId
message['uid'] = str(uuid.uuid4())
self._message = json.dumps(message, cls=utils.PlotlyJSONEncoder)
def on_click(self, callback, remove=False):
""" Assign a callback to click events propagated
by clicking on point(s) in the Plotly graph.
Args:
callback (function): Callback function this is called
on click events with the signature:
callback(widget, hover_obj) -> None
Args:
widget (GraphWidget): The current instance
of the graph widget that this callback is assigned to.
click_obj (dict): a nested dict that describes
which point(s) were clicked on.
click_obj example:
[
{
'curveNumber': 1,
'pointNumber': 2,
'x': 4,
'y': 14
}
]
remove (bool, optional): If False, attach the callback.
If True, remove the callback. Defaults to False.
Returns:
None
Example:
```
from IPython.display import display
def message_handler(widget, msg):
display(widget._graph_url)
display(msg)
g = GraphWidget('https://plot.ly/~chris/3375')
display(g)
g.on_click(message_handler)
```
"""
self._handle_registration('click', callback, remove)
def on_hover(self, callback, remove=False):
""" Assign a callback to hover events propagated
by hovering over points in the Plotly graph.
Args:
callback (function): Callback function this is called
on hover events with the signature:
callback(widget, hover_obj) -> None
Args:
widget (GraphWidget): The current instance
of the graph widget that this callback is assigned to.
hover_obj (dict): a nested dict that describes
which point(s) was hovered over.
hover_obj example:
[
{
'curveNumber': 1,
'pointNumber': 2,
'x': 4,
'y': 14
}
]
remove (bool, optional): If False, attach the callback.
If True, remove the callback. Defaults to False.
Returns:
None
Example:
```
from IPython.display import display
def message_handler(widget, hover_msg):
display(widget._graph_url)
display(hover_msg)
g = GraphWidget('https://plot.ly/~chris/3375')
display(g)
g.on_hover(message_handler)
```
"""
self._handle_registration('hover', callback, remove)
def on_zoom(self, callback, remove=False):
""" Assign a callback to zoom events propagated
by zooming in regions in the Plotly graph.
Args:
callback (function): Callback function this is called
on zoom events with the signature:
callback(widget, ranges) -> None
Args:
widget (GraphWidget): The current instance
of the graph widget that this callback is assigned to.
ranges (dict): A description of the
region that was zoomed into.
ranges example:
{
'x': [1.8399058038561549, 2.16443359662],
'y': [4.640902872777017, 7.855677154582]
}
remove (bool, optional): If False, attach the callback.
If True, remove the callback. Defaults to False.
Returns:
None
Example:
```
from IPython.display import display
def message_handler(widget, ranges):
display(widget._graph_url)
display(ranges)
g = GraphWidget('https://plot.ly/~chris/3375')
display(g)
g.on_zoom(message_handler)
```
"""
self._handle_registration('zoom', callback, remove)
def plot(self, figure_or_data, validate=True):
"""Plot figure_or_data in the Plotly graph widget.
Args:
figure_or_data (dict, list, or plotly.graph_obj object):
The standard Plotly graph object that describes Plotly
graphs as used in `plotly.plotly.plot`. See examples
of the figure_or_data in https://plot.ly/python/
Returns: None
Example 1 - Graph a scatter plot:
```
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter
g = GraphWidget()
g.plot([Scatter(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[10, 15, 13])])
```
Example 2 - Graph a scatter plot with a title:
```
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Figure, Data
fig = Figure(
data = Data([
Scatter(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[20, 15, 13])
]),
layout = Layout(title='Experimental Data')
)
g = GraphWidget()
g.plot(fig)
```
Example 3 - Clear a graph widget
```
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Figure
g = GraphWidget()
g.plot([Scatter(x=[1, 2, 3], y=[10, 15, 13])])
# Now clear it
g.plot({}) # alternatively, g.plot(Figure())
```
"""
if figure_or_data == {} or figure_or_data == Figure():
validate = False
figure = tools.return_figure_from_figure_or_data(figure_or_data,
validate)
message = {
'task': 'newPlot',
'data': figure.get('data', []),
'layout': figure.get('layout', {}),
'graphId': self._graphId
}
self._handle_outgoing_message(message)
def restyle(self, update, indices=None):
"""Update the style of existing traces in the Plotly graph.
Args:
update (dict):
dict where keys are the graph attribute strings
and values are the value of the graph attribute.
To update graph objects that are nested, like
a marker's color, combine the keys with a period,
e.g. `marker.color`. To replace an entire nested object,
like `marker`, set the value to the object.
See Example 2 below.
To update an attribute of multiple traces, set the
value to an list of values. If the list is shorter
than the number of traces, the values will wrap around.
Note: this means that for values that are naturally an array,
like `x` or `colorscale`, you need to wrap the value
in an extra array,
i.e. {'colorscale': [[[0, 'red'], [1, 'green']]]}
You can also supply values to different traces with the
indices argument.
See all of the graph attributes in our reference documentation
here: https://plot.ly/python/reference or by calling `help` on
graph objects in `plotly.graph_objs`.
indices (list, optional):
Specify which traces to apply the update dict to.
Negative indices are supported.
If indices are not given, the update will apply to
*all* traces.
Examples:
Initialization - Start each example below with this setup:
```
from plotly.widgets import GraphWidget
from IPython.display import display
graph = GraphWidget()
display(graph)
```
Example 1 - Set `marker.color` to red in every trace in the graph
```
graph.restyle({'marker.color': 'red'})
```
Example 2 - Replace `marker` with {'color': 'red'}
```
graph.restyle({'marker': {'color': red'}})
```
Example 3 - Set `marker.color` to red
in the first trace of the graph
```
graph.restyle({'marker.color': 'red'}, indices=[0])
```
Example 4 - Set `marker.color` of all of the traces to
alternating sequences of red and green
```
graph.restyle({'marker.color': ['red', 'green']})
```
Example 5 - Set just `marker.color` of the first two traces
to red and green
```
graph.restyle({'marker.color': ['red', 'green']}, indices=[0, 1])
```
Example 6 - Set multiple attributes of all of the traces
```
graph.restyle({
'marker.color': 'red',
'line.color': 'green'
})
```
Example 7 - Update the data of the first trace
```
graph.restyle({
'x': [[1, 2, 3]],
'y': [[10, 20, 30]],
}, indices=[0])
```
Example 8 - Update the data of the first two traces
```
graph.restyle({
'x': [[1, 2, 3],
[1, 2, 4]],
'y': [[10, 20, 30],
[5, 8, 14]],
}, indices=[0, 1])
```
"""
# TODO: Add flat traces to graph_objs
message = {
'task': 'restyle',
'update': update,
'graphId': self._graphId
}
if indices:
message['indices'] = indices
self._handle_outgoing_message(message)
def relayout(self, layout):
"""Update the layout of the Plotly graph.
Args:
layout (dict):
dict where keys are the graph attribute strings
and values are the value of the graph attribute.
To update graph objects that are nested, like
the title of an axis, combine the keys with a period
e.g. `xaxis.title`. To set a value of an element in an array,
like an axis's range, use brackets, e.g. 'xaxis.range[0]'.
To replace an entire nested object, just specify the value to
the sub-object. See example 4 below.
See all of the layout attributes in our reference documentation
https://plot.ly/python/reference/#Layout
Or by calling `help` on `plotly.graph_objs.Layout`
Examples - Start each example below with this setup:
Initialization:
```
from plotly.widgets import GraphWidget
from IPython.display import display
graph = GraphWidget('https://plot.ly/~chris/3979')
display(graph)
```
Example 1 - Update the title
```
graph.relayout({'title': 'Experimental results'})
```
Example 2 - Update the xaxis range
```
graph.relayout({'xaxis.range': [-1, 6]})
```
Example 3 - Update the first element of the xaxis range
```
graph.relayout({'xaxis.range[0]': -3})
```
Example 4 - Replace the entire xaxis object
```
graph.relayout({'xaxis': {'title': 'Experimental results'}})
```
"""
# TODO: Add flat layout to graph_objs
message = {
'task': 'relayout', 'update': layout, 'graphId': self._graphId
}
self._handle_outgoing_message(message)
def hover(self, *hover_objs):
"""Show hover labels over the points specified in hover_obj.
Hover labels are the labels that normally appear when the
mouse hovers over points in the plotly graph.
Args:
hover_objs (tuple of dicts):
Specifies which points to place hover labels over.
The location of the hover labels is described by a dict with
keys and'xval' and/or 'yval' or 'curveNumber' and 'pointNumber'
and optional keys 'hovermode' and 'subplot'
'xval' and 'yval' specify the (x, y) coordinates to
place the label.
'xval' and 'yval need to be close to a point drawn in a graph.
'curveNumber' and 'pointNumber' specify the trace number and
the index theof the point in that trace respectively.
'subplot' describes which axes to the coordinates refer to.
By default, it is equal to 'xy'. For example, to specify the
second x-axis and the third y-axis, set 'subplot' to 'x2y3'
'hovermode' is either 'closest', 'x', or 'y'.
When set to 'x', all data sharing the same 'x' coordinate will
be shown on screen with corresponding trace labels.
When set to 'y' all data sharing the same 'y' coordinates will
be shown on the screen with corresponding trace labels.
When set to 'closest', information about the data point closest
to where the viewer is hovering will appear.
Note: If 'hovermode' is 'x', only 'xval' needs to be set.
If 'hovermode' is 'y', only 'yval' needs to be set.
If 'hovermode' is 'closest', 'xval' and 'yval' both
need to be set.
Note: 'hovermode' can be toggled by the user in the graph
toolbar.
Note: It is not currently possible to apply multiple hover
labels to points on different axes.
Note: `hover` can only be called with multiple dicts if
'curveNumber' and 'pointNumber' are the keys of the dicts
Examples:
Initialization - Start each example below with this setup:
```
from plotly.widgets import GraphWidget
from IPython.display import display
graph = GraphWidget('https://plot.ly/~chris/3979')
display(graph)
```
Example 1 - Apply a label to the (x, y) point (3, 2)
```
graph.hover({'xval': 3, 'yval': 2, 'hovermode': 'closest'})
```
Example 2 -Apply a labels to all the points with the x coordinate 3
```
graph.hover({'xval': 3, 'hovermode': 'x'})
```
Example 3 - Apply a label to the first point of the first trace
and the second point of the second trace.
```
graph.hover({'curveNumber': 0, 'pointNumber': 0},
{'curveNumber': 1, 'pointNumber': 1})
```
"""
# TODO: Add to graph objects
if len(hover_objs) == 1:
hover_objs = hover_objs[0]
message = {
'task': 'hover', 'selection': hover_objs, 'graphId': self._graphId
}
self._handle_outgoing_message(message)
def add_traces(self, traces, new_indices=None):
""" Add new data traces to a graph.
If `new_indices` isn't specified, they are simply appended.
Args:
traces (dict or list of dicts, or class of plotly.graph_objs):trace
new_indices (list[int]|None), optional: The final indices the
added traces should occupy in the graph.
Examples:
Initialization - Start each example below with this setup:
```
from plotly.widgets import GraphWidget
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter
from IPython.display import display
graph = GraphWidget('https://plot.ly/~chris/3979')
display(graph)
```
Example 1 - Add a scatter/line trace to the graph
```
graph.add_traces(Scatter(x = [1, 2, 3], y = [5, 4, 5]))
```
Example 2 - Add a scatter trace and set it to to be the
second trace. This will appear as the second
item in the legend.
```
graph.add_traces(Scatter(x = [1, 2, 3], y = [5, 6, 5]),
new_indices=[1])
```
Example 3 - Add multiple traces to the graph
```
graph.add_traces([
Scatter(x = [1, 2, 3], y = [5, 6, 5]),
Scatter(x = [1, 2.5, 3], y = [5, 8, 5])
])
```
"""
# TODO: Validate traces with graph_objs
message = {
'task': 'addTraces', 'traces': traces, 'graphId': self._graphId
}
if new_indices is not None:
message['newIndices'] = new_indices
self._handle_outgoing_message(message)
def delete_traces(self, indices):
"""Delete data traces from a graph.
Args:
indices (list[int]): The indices of the traces to be removed
Example - Delete the 2nd trace:
```
from plotly.widgets import GraphWidget
from IPython.display import display
graph = GraphWidget('https://plot.ly/~chris/3979')
display(graph)
graph.delete_traces([1])
```
"""
message = {
'task': 'deleteTraces',
'indices': indices,
'graphId': self._graphId
}
self._handle_outgoing_message(message)
def reorder_traces(self, current_indices, new_indices=None):
"""Reorder the traces in a graph.
The order of the traces determines the order of the legend entries
and the layering of the objects drawn in the graph, i.e. the first
trace is drawn first and the second trace is drawn on top of the
first trace.
Args:
current_indices (list[int]): The index of the traces to reorder.
new_indices (list[int], optional): The index of the traces
specified by `current_indices` after ordering.
If None, then move the traces to the end.
Examples:
Example 1 - Move the first trace to the second to last
position, the second trace to the last position
```
graph.move_traces([0, 1])
```
Example 2 - Move the first trace to the second position,
the second trace to the first position.
```
graph.move_traces([0], [1])
```
"""
message = {
'task': 'moveTraces',
'currentIndices': current_indices,
'graphId': self._graphId
}
if new_indices is not None:
message['newIndices'] = new_indices
self._handle_outgoing_message(message)
def save(self, ignore_defaults=False, filename=''):
"""
Save a copy of the current state of the widget in plotly.
:param (bool) ignore_defaults: Auto-fill in unspecified figure keys?
:param (str) filename: Name of the file on plotly.
"""
self._flags['save_pending'] = True
self._filename = filename
message = {'task': 'getAttributes', 'ignoreDefaults': ignore_defaults}
self._handle_outgoing_message(message)
self._fade_to('slow', 0.1)
def extend_traces(self, update, indices=(0,), max_points=None):
""" Append data points to existing traces in the Plotly graph.
Args:
update (dict):
dict where keys are the graph attribute strings
and values are arrays of arrays with values to extend.
Each array in the array will extend a trace.
Valid keys include:
'x', 'y', 'text,
'marker.color', 'marker.size', 'marker.symbol',
'marker.line.color', 'marker.line.width'
indices (list, int):
Specify which traces to apply the `update` dict to.
If indices are not given, the update will apply to
the traces in order.
max_points (int or dict, optional):
If specified, then only show the `max_points` most
recent points in the graph.
This is useful to prevent traces from becoming too
large (and slow) or for creating "windowed" graphs
in monitoring applications.
To set max_points to different values for each trace
or attribute, set max_points to a dict mapping keys
to max_points values. See the examples below.
Examples:
Initialization - Start each example below with this setup:
```
from plotly.widgets import GraphWidget
from IPython.display import display
graph = GraphWidget()
graph.plot([
{'x': [], 'y': []},
{'x': [], 'y': []}
])
display(graph)
```
Example 1 - Extend the first trace with x and y data
```
graph.extend_traces({'x': [[1, 2, 3]], 'y': [[10, 20, 30]]},
indices=[0])
```
Example 2 - Extend the second trace with x and y data
```
graph.extend_traces({'x': [[1, 2, 3]], 'y': [[10, 20, 30]]},
indices=[1])
```
Example 3 - Extend the first two traces with x and y data
```
graph.extend_traces({
'x': [[1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4]],
'y': [[10, 20, 30], [3, 4, 3]]
}, indices=[0, 1])
```
Example 4 - Extend the first trace with x and y data and
limit the length of data in that trace to 50
points.
```
graph.extend_traces({
'x': [range(100)],
'y': [range(100)]
}, indices=[0, 1], max_points=50)
```
Example 5 - Extend the first and second trace with x and y data
and limit the length of data in the first trace to
25 points and the second trace to 50 points.
```
new_points = range(100)
graph.extend_traces({
'x': [new_points, new_points],
'y': [new_points, new_points]
},
indices=[0, 1],
max_points={
'x': [25, 50],
'y': [25, 50]
}
)
```
Example 6 - Update other attributes, like marker colors and
sizes and text
```
# Initialize a plot with some empty attributes
graph.plot([{
'x': [],
'y': [],
'text': [],
'marker': {
'size': [],
'color': []
}
}])
# Append some data into those attributes
graph.extend_traces({
'x': [[1, 2, 3]],
'y': [[10, 20, 30]],
'text': [['A', 'B', 'C']],
'marker.size': [[10, 15, 20]],
'marker.color': [['blue', 'red', 'orange']]
}, indices=[0])
```
Example 7 - Live-update a graph over a few seconds
```
import time
graph.plot([{'x': [], 'y': []}])
for i in range(10):
graph.extend_traces({
'x': [[i]],
'y': [[i]]
}, indices=[0])
time.sleep(0.5)
```
"""
message = {
'task': 'extendTraces',
'update': update,
'graphId': self._graphId,
'indices': indices
}
if max_points is not None:
message['maxPoints'] = max_points
self._handle_outgoing_message(message)
def _fade_to(self, duration, opacity):
"""
Change the opacity to give a visual signal to users.
"""
message = {'fadeTo': True, 'duration': duration, 'opacity': opacity}
self._handle_outgoing_message(message)