Foreign Function Interface (FFI)

Via Pyodide ↗, Python Workers provide a Foreign Function Interface (FFI) ↗ to JavaScript. This allows you to:

Use bindings to resources on Cloudflare, including Workers AI, Vectorize, R2, KV, D1, Queues, Durable Objects, Service Bindings and more.
Use JavaScript globals, like Request, Response, and fetch().
Use the full feature set of Cloudflare Workers — if an API is accessible in JavaScript, you can also access it in a Python Worker, writing exclusively Python code.

The details of Pyodide's Foreign Function Interface are documented here ↗, and Workers written in Python are able to take full advantage of this.

Using Bindings from Python Workers

Bindings allow your Worker to interact with resources on the Cloudflare Developer Platform. When you declare a binding on your Worker, you grant it a specific capability, such as being able to read and write files to an R2 bucket.

For example, to access a KV namespace from a Python Worker, you would declare the following in your Worker's Wrangler configuration file:

{
  "main": "./src/index.py",
  "kv_namespaces": [
    {
      "binding": "FOO",
      "id": "<YOUR_KV_NAMESPACE_ID>"
    }
  ]
}

main = "./src/index.py"

[[kv_namespaces]]
binding = "FOO"
id = "<YOUR_KV_NAMESPACE_ID>"

...and then call .get() on the binding object that is exposed on env:

from workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response

class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):
    async def fetch(self, request):
        await self.env.FOO.put("bar", "baz")
        bar = await self.env.FOO.get("bar")
        return Response(bar) # returns "baz"

Under the hood, env is actually a JavaScript object. When you call .FOO, you are accessing this property via a JsProxy ↗ — special proxy object that makes a JavaScript object behave like a Python object.

Converting Python to JavaScript

Occasionally, to interoperate with JavaScript APIs, you may need to convert a Python object to JavaScript. Pyodide provides a to_js function to facilitate this conversion.

from js import Object
from pyodide.ffi import to_js as _to_js

from workers import WorkerEntrypoint, Response

# to_js converts between Python dictionaries and JavaScript Objects
def to_js(obj):
   return _to_js(obj, dict_converter=Object.fromEntries)
  ```

For more details, see out the documentation on pyodide.ffi.to_js ↗.

Using JavaScript globals from Python Workers

When writing Workers in Python, you can access JavaScript globals by importing them from the js module. For example, note how Response is imported from js in the example below:

from workers import WorkerEntrypoint
from js import Response

class Default(WorkerEntrypoint):
    async def fetch(self, request):
        return Response.new("Hello World!")

Refer to the Python examples to learn how to call into JavaScript functions from Python, including console.log and logging, providing options to Response, and parsing JSON.